NUR 100 Exam 1 Flashcards
What was the period of intuitive nursing?
it was when there were medicine men/ shaman
How did the Egyptians contribute to healthcare?
embalming
How did Israel contribute to healthcare?
sanitation
How did Rome contribute to healthcare?
organized the first visiting of the sick
How Greece contribute to healthcare?
they emphasized a healthy body; Hipocrates is known as the father of medicine
How did China contribute to healthcare?
they believed that health was a balanace of Yin and Yan; introduced physical exams
How did India contribute to healthcare?
they had nurses dating back to 500 BC
What was the Dark Ages of Nursing?
there were no established nurses
Who was Florence Nightingale and what did she do?
She is known as the founder of modern nursing; “Lady with the lamp”; decreased mortality from 42% to 2%
Florence Nightingale founded was school and when? What was her era called?
St. Thomas School of Nursing in 1860; Period of Educated Nursing
What is Lillian Wald famous for?
she was the inventor of visiting nurses
What is Margaret Sanger famous for?
she began several marches for birth control
What is Linda Richards famous for?
first nursing graduate in the US
What is Mary Eliza Mahoney famous for?
first black RN
What is Clara Barton famous for?
founder of Red Cross
What is Clara Maas famous for?
she volunteered to be bit by mosquitoes for research; died of yellow fever; helped in the Civil War
How did the Revolutionary war influence nursing?
called for a lot of volunteers
How did the Civil War influence nursing?
there was more death and injuries than the other wars, which called for more nurses
Who was Sojourner Truth?
She was a nurse who was also a women’s right activist.
Who was Dorathea Dix?
Helped improved the system for mental health
Who was Harriet Tubman?
A nurse who helped in the Underground Railroad and women’s rights activism
How did WWI and WWII influence nursing?
There was a shortage of nurses. Led to the opening of diploma schools for nurses
How did the Korean conflicts influence nursing?
created MASH units (Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals)
How did the Vietnam War influence nursing?
there were big recruiting efforts to maintain nurses
Where do the greatest number of RN’s work?
acute care (hospitals)
Where do the greatest number of LPN’s work?
long term care (nursing homes)
What is culture?
learned and shared beliefs, values and life ways of a particular group that are generally transmitted across generations and influence one’s thinking and behavior
What is a subculture?
a group with beliefs, values and behaviors that are distinct from greater culture
What is enculturation?
learning one’s primary culture
What is acculturation?
learning a secondary culture
What is race?
biological characteristics shared by groups of people, genetic traits
What is ethnicity?
shared affiliation by groups of people related to geographical location, religion, language, etc.
What is ethnocentrism?
belief that one’s own way of life is better than others
What is bias/prejudice?
mental attitude attributing negative or positive characteristics to others
What are stereotypes?
fixed, unchanging and usually negative attribution about groups of people
What is discrimination?
action on ones’ prejudices
What is cultural imposition?
forcing one’s own values, beliefs and way of life on others
What is cultural competence?
developing an awareness of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting them have an undue influence on those from other backgrounds
What is Mildred Montag famous for?
developed the ADN program
What is community-based health care?
It is using the nursing process in the environments where people work, live, go to school etc.
What are the driving forces of community-base health care?
its less expensive, promotes health, and prevents illness
What are the three levels of prevention?
primary (fighting the disease before it happens [vaccines]), secondary (early disease prevention [antibiotics]), and tertiary (rehab an injury or disease [physical therapy])
What organization provides direction to change personal behavior?
Healthy People 2020
What is epidemiology?
the study of how disease is caused
What is morbidity?
the ratio of sick to well people in a population
What is incidence?
the number of new cases in a population
What is prevalence?
the measure of disease in a population at a specific time
What is endemic?
the usual expected level of disease
What is epidemic?
when the rate of disease is higher than usual
What is pandemic?
world wide outbreak of a disease
What are the three parts of the epidemiologic triangle?
host, agent, environment
What is an intrinsic factor?
it is an internal factor (that you cannot change) that makes you more susceptible to disease
What is the web of causation?
it represents the complex group of subjects and relationships that can contribute to the occurrence and spread of disease
What is the method of the Iceberg Model?
It is to understand all that creates and supports one’s current state of health, he has to look “underwater”
What are the potential health threats in the Kent county?
housing, water quality, air standards, food quality, health care access
