Number 1 Flashcards
English/german vocabulary
aporetic
aporia
characterized by an irresolvable internal contradiction or logical disjunction.
“the aporetic conflict of law and morality”
RHETORIC
expressing doubt.
“aporetic dialogs”
aporethisch, Aporia
Culpability
Complicity
Schuld
Mitschuld, Mittaetigkeit
vigil
vigilant
Nachtwache
wachsam
virtue
- Tugend
- Vorteil
- Tugendhaftigkeit
- Keuschheit
- Heilkraft
- Zierde
choice
noun 1. Wahl 2. Auswahl 3. Auslese adjective 1. gewählt 2. auserlesen 3. ausgesucht 4. sauber 5. erstklassig
Precarity
Prekaritat,
State of being precarious, uncertain
renounce
- verzichten
- entsagen
- aufgeben
- abschwören
- ablegen
parse
- zergliedern
2. grammatisch analysieren
Aristotle: two kinds of self-love
There is the kind of self-love which excludes the welfare of others and there is the kind the is inclusive of it. The former is the type of selfishness which should be condemned and the latter one should be approved. In fact it is the latter type which coincides with what is usually meant by altruism. When one identifies his own interests with the welfare of others he is realizing a larger and more inclusive self and it is this type of selfhood which constitutes his real self or what is commonly known as one’s ideal self.
Logos
Logos is a way of arguing calmly and carefully, using reason alone and not relying on the emotions. Logos (LOH-gohs) is a Greek word meaning “reason” or “rationality.” It comes from the philosopher Aristotle, who emphasized the difference between logos and pathos, or emotion. We might say that logos comes from the mind, while pathos comes from the heart.
stanch, stanched
stop the flow of blood from (a wound).
gestillt
ascetic
Asket, asketisch
characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
“an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and manual labor”
agape (greek)
brotherly love, refers to the paternal love of God for man and of man for God but is extended to include a brotherly love for all humanity
partisan
- parteiisch
2. parteilich
property
Eigenschaft
demagogy, Demagogie
political activity or practices that seek support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument.
populism
a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.
“the question is whether he will tone down his fiery populism now that he has joined the political establishment”
probability
Wahrscheinlichkeit
ephemeral
- flüchtig
2. kurzlebig
flounder
- taumeln
- schwimmen
struggle mentally; show or feel great confusion.
“she floundered, not knowing quite what to say”
Postmodernism in a nutshell
A suspicion towards Enlightenment ideals of rationalism and social progress.
A pluralistic blending of diverse beliefs, styles, and cultures.
A flattening of institutional hierarchies towards more collaborative forms of organization.
The de-centering of traditional sources of authority.
If seen as a cultural-historical trend, postmodernism is simply something that is happening, whether one likes it or not. On the other hand, postmodernism is also a kind of philosophical approach that deconstructs truth claims made by individuals, institutions, or social groups in order to examine the power dynamics underlying those truth claims. In other words, who benefits from this particular construction of the “truth” and who is disempowered, excluded, or marginalized?
tacit
stillschweigend
social contract
An agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights.
noble
ignoble
- edel
- nobel
- vornehm
- adlig
- adelig
- edelmütig
- hoch
- hehr
- großmütig
- ehrenvoll
- prächtig
guidelines
Richtlinien
Leviathan
- Gigant
2. Meerungeheuer
philia
philia entails a fondness and appreciation of the other. For the Greeks, the term philia incorporated not just friendship, but also loyalties to family and polis-one’s political community, job, or discipline
feature
- Eigenschaft
- Merkmal
- Zug
- Kennzeichen
- Spielfilm
- Charakteristikum
- Grundzug
- Sonderbeitrag
- Feuilleton
- Gesichtszug
- Sonderbericht
verb - vorkommen
- eine Rolle spielen
- aufmachen
- bringen
concern
verb 1. betreffen 2. kümmern 3. angehen 4. interessieren 5. berühren 6. anbelangen n noun 1. Sorge 2. Besorgnis 3. Bedeutung 4. Angelegenheit 5. Beunruhigung
sedition
- Aufruhr
- Aufwiegelung
conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
vice
- Laster
- Schraubstock
- Untugend
- Unart
jaded
tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something.
- abgestumpft
- matt
- verbraucht
declaration of independence main quote
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
abhorrent
- abscheulich
- verabscheuenswürdig
- verabscheuenswert
inspiring disgust and loathing; repugnant.
“racial discrimination was abhorrent to us all”
deceive, the easily deceived
- täuschen
- betrügen
- hintergehen
- trügen
merit
verb 1. verdienen noun 1. Verdienst 2. Leistung
sentient
empfindungsfähig
republicanism
The principle of governing through elected representatives.
morality
noun
- Moral
- Sittlichkeit
- Moralität
- Ethik
- Moralismus
purpose
noun 1. Zweck 2. Ziel 3. Bestimmung 4. Absicht 5. Aufgabe verb 1. beabsichtigen
majority
- Mehrheit
2. Mehrzahl
inimical
feindlich
poll
- Umfrage
- Abstimmung
- Wahl
- Wahlbeteiligung
- Stimmabgabe
invoke
- aufrufen
- beschwören
- sich berufen auf
ingrate
- Undankbare
2. undankbarer Mensch
Extirpated
Ausgerottet
exacerbate
- verschärfen
- verschlimmern
- vergrößern
Kantian….
Immanuel Kant. … Kant’s ethics are organized around the notion of a “categorical imperative,” which is a universal ethical principle stating that one should always respect the humanity in others, and that one should only act in accordance with rules that could hold for everyone.
arete
Arete is a philosophical term with deep meaning first used by Greeks. It roughly means moral virtue, and refers to an innate excellence in all things, and the striving toward that potential or purpose as a way of life.
Post-structuralism
Poststrukturalism
The truth of events is inextricably tied to the language used to describe them.
popular sovereignty
the people are the sovereigns
the Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of the United States Congress that was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. USA PATRIOT is an acronym that stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism.
conceit
- Einbildung
- Dünkel
- Eitelkeit
stealth
- List
2. Schläue
polemic
polemicist, Polemik
a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.
“his polemic against the cultural relativism of the Sixties”
altruistic
- altruistisch
2. uneigennützig
dissipate
(with reference to a feeling or other intangible thing) disappear or cause to disappear.
“the concern she’d felt for him had wholly dissipated”
1. zerstreuen
2. verschwenden
misanthrope
- Menschenfeind
2. Misanthrop
ratio
- Verhältnis
2. Schlüssel
piety
- Frömmigkeit
- Pietät
- Pietismus
Utilitarianism vs Epicurus/Hedonism
Utilitarianism is the belief that the best action is the one that increases pleasure for the greatest number of people. … Epicurus defined pleasure as the absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the soul. He was an early hedonist, a person who focuses their life on maximizing pleasure.
plutocracy, Plutokratie
government by the wealthy. an elite or ruling class of people whose power derives from their wealth.
foreign policy
Außenpolitik
sheer
nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis). "she giggled with sheer delight" 1. bloß 2. schier 3. pur 4. rein 5. steil 6. völlig
utilitarianism, 3 principles..
Utilitarismus
Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value. …
Actions Are Right Insofar as They Promote Happiness, Wrong Insofar as They Produce Unhappiness. …
Everyone’s Happiness Counts Equally.
paternalism, Bevormundigung
the policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates’ supposed best interest.
“the arrogance and paternalism that underlies cradle-to-grave employment contracts”
tirrivee
Tirrivee “a tantrum, a display of bad temper” is another perplexing Scots word with no secure etymology. It may be a variant or corruption of the verb tailyevey “to move from side to side, rock” another Scots word of no known etymology. Sir Walter Scott used tirrivee in his Waverley novels, enough to ensure the word’s survival. Tirrivee entered English in the early 19th century.
contingency
a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.
“a detailed contract that attempts to provide for all possible contingencies”
1. Kontingenz
2. Zufälligkeit
3. Eventualität
4. Möglichkeit
5. möglicher Fall
mag·nif·i·cence
- Pracht
- Herrlichkeit
the quality of being magnificent.
“the magnificence of the surrounding countryside”
hostage
Geisel
goodness
- Güte
- Tugend
the quality of being morally good or virtuous.
“a belief in the basic goodness of mankind”
Similar:
virtue
virtuousness
good
righteousness
morality
supply side economics
‘give money to businesses and it will trickle down’
Assent
Zustimmung, zustimmen
Expression of approval
obstacle
noun
- Hindernis
- Klippe
- Sperre
vicious
- bösartig
2. böse
Jeremy Bentham, five basic ideas and birth/death
Date of death: 6 June 1832
Date of birth: 15 February 1748
His theory of the good: hedonism, pleasure is the only thing that is good and pain is the only thing that is bad.
His theory of motivation: egoism, we are only motivated to act by considerations of our own good.
His moral theory: utilitarianism, the right action is the one that produces the greatest overall good.
His theory of sanctions: laws can rectify the gap between what people ought to do (promote everyone’s good) and what they will do (promote their own good).
The utilitarian calculus: assign numbers to the intensity and duration of pleasures and pains that various actions would produce, add up the numbers for different people, and then do the thing that would get the highest score.
akratic, acratic
akratisch
characterized by weakness of will resulting in action against one’s better judgment.
“an akratic person goes against reason”
An end in itself
A purpose or goal desired for its own sake (rather than to attain something else). For example, For me, writing books is an end in itself; they don’t really make that much money. This expression employs the noun end in the sense of “final cause or purpose,” a usage dating from the early 1500s.
Redeem
Recover
Einlösen, erlösen
Gewinnen, genesen
how many pounds in 1 ton?
2,000
aggregate
- Aggregat
- Summe
- Gesamtheit
adjective - gesamt
verb - anhäufen
- sich anhäufen
Aristotle’s virtues are not relative and yet…
Each case must be decided on its own merits. This does not mean that Aristotle subscribes to the type of relativism in which each person is free to decide the issue that arises in any manner which may suit his fancy at the moment. There are guide lines for each person to follow in order that he may make the right decision. The choice must be directed by reason rather than by one’s feelings or the desire to obtain that which is pleasant. The function of reason is to determine the proper amount which in view of all the circumstances will promote the most complete and harmonious development of one’s personality.
natural rights
The right to life, liberty, and property, which no government may take away.
aver
behaupten, beteuern
Ataraxia
Ataraxia (pronounced AT-uh-RAX-ee-yuh) is Greek for “undisturbed” or “untroubled.” It’s a kind of inner peace – the ability to remain calm despite fear, anger, sadness, or stress. A person who with strong ataraxia has mastered the emotions and can rise above the ordinary difficulties that we all encounter in life. Ataraxia is the ultimate form of “keeping an even keel.”
Eudaimonia
In addition to ataraxia, the word “eudaimonia” is often translated as happiness. But the ideas are very different, and neither of them is quite the same as “happiness.” Eudaimonia means “good soul” or “good mind,” and refers to the ultimate goal of human life. For Greek philosophers, eudaimonia came from living a life of excellence – striving to be effective at whatever tasks we set for ourselves, from farming to fighting to parenting. A good life, for the Greeks, was like a good workout – strenuous, tiring, but ultimately satisfying.
pursue
- verfolgen
- betreiben
- nachgehen
- treiben
- weiterführen
- einschlagen
- jagen
- nachjagen
- durchführen
- streben nach
the moral crux of the libertarian claim
the idea of self-ownership
prodigious
- erstaunlich
2. ungeheuer
how many feet per mile
5,280ft
Epicureanism
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based on the teachings of Epicurus, founded around 307 B.C. It teaches that the greatest good is to seek modest pleasures in order to attain a state of tranquillity, freedom from fear (“ataraxia”) and absence from bodily pain (“aponia”).
coercion
- Zwang
2. Nötigung
the libertarian Minimal State rejects 3 types of laws
- No Paternalism
- No Morals Legislation
- No Redistribution of Income or Wealth
original libertarianism, Libertarismus
a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.
nous (greek)
the mind or intellect.
culmination
- Höhepunkt
- Kulmination
- Krönung
deliberation
- Überlegung
2. Bedachtsamkeit
