NuFS150 - Food.Nutritional Toxicology Flashcards
Under what kind of circumstance can an individual rid of toxins?
An individual must be healthy in order to metabolize and excrete metabolites.
How do nutritional deficiencies lead to increased health risks?
Nutrients are used for cell processes. If there is a lack of nutrients, the cells are not able to synthesize enzymes. This leads to increased health risks caused by nutritional deficiencies.
What 2 reactions could happen between nutrients and drugs?
Drugs could decrease the absorption of nutrients, or nutrients could enhance effects of drugs.
What are the 4 types of drug and nutrient interactions?
Drug effects on nutrient intake, Nutritional effects of drug metabolism/action/potency, Drugs in food and feeds, Use/Misuse of nutrients as drugs.
Ascorbic acid + nitrite = ?
Inhibits nitrosamine formation. Increases need for Vit. C
Se + Hg = ?
Decrease in toxicity of both elements.
Ca + tetracyclines = ?
Decrease absorption of both. Increases need for Ca.
Fe + tetraclyclines = ?
Decreases absorption of both. Increases need for Fe.
Thiamin + sulfur dioxide(sulfite) = ?
Destroys thiamin.
Tocopherol (Vit. E) + Oxidants = ?
Increases need for Vit. E.
Retinol + oxidants = ?
Increases need for retinol.
Zinc + Phytates = ?
Increases need for zinc.
What are the 4 major effects of toxicants on nutrition?
MODIFICATION of nutrient content of food, MODULATION of appetite, INHIBITION of digestion and absorption, ALTERATION of nutrient metabolism and function.
How do toxicants modify nutrient content in food?
Toxicants modify nutrient content in food by reacting with nutrients and decreasing the availability of these nutrients.
How do toxicants modulate appetite?
Toxicants can modulate/regulate appetite by decreasing food intake and mood.
How do toxicants inhibit digestion and absorption of food?
Toxicants may interfere with chemicals/enzymes found in the body that aid in metabolism.
What toxicant decreases the digestion of protein?
Trypsin inhibitors in raw legumes decreases the digestion of protein.
What toxicant inhibits the digestion of lipids?
Bile acids sequestrants the digestion of lipids.
What toxicant decreases the active transport of thiamin and folacin?
Alcohol decreases the active transport of thiamin and folacin.
What toxicant precipitates/binds to iron?
Antacids precipitates/binds to iron.
What toxicant binds to zinc?
Phytates bind to zinc.
What toxicant inhibits absorption of Vit. A, D, K, B12?
Cochicine, neomycin inhibits the absorption of Vit. A, D, K, B12.
What toxicant precipitates with Ca?
Tetracycline precipitates with Ca.
What toxicant decreases the digestion and absorption time of many nutrients?
Laxatives decrease the digestion/absorption time of many nutrients.
