NuFS150 - Food.Nutritional Toxicology

Question 1

Under what kind of circumstance can an individual rid of toxins?

Answer 1

An individual must be healthy in order to metabolize and excrete metabolites.

Question 2

How do nutritional deficiencies lead to increased health risks?

Answer 2

Nutrients are used for cell processes. If there is a lack of nutrients, the cells are not able to synthesize enzymes. This leads to increased health risks caused by nutritional deficiencies.

Question 3

What 2 reactions could happen between nutrients and drugs?

Answer 3

Drugs could decrease the absorption of nutrients, or nutrients could enhance effects of drugs.

Question 4

What are the 4 types of drug and nutrient interactions?

Answer 4

Drug effects on nutrient intake, Nutritional effects of drug metabolism/action/potency, Drugs in food and feeds, Use/Misuse of nutrients as drugs.

Question 5

Ascorbic acid + nitrite = ?

Answer 5

Inhibits nitrosamine formation. Increases need for Vit. C

Question 6

Se + Hg = ?

Answer 6

Decrease in toxicity of both elements.

Question 7

Ca + tetracyclines = ?

Answer 7

Decrease absorption of both. Increases need for Ca.

Question 8

Fe + tetraclyclines = ?

Answer 8

Decreases absorption of both. Increases need for Fe.

Question 9

Thiamin + sulfur dioxide(sulfite) = ?

Answer 9

Destroys thiamin.

Question 10

Tocopherol (Vit. E) + Oxidants = ?

Answer 10

Increases need for Vit. E.

Question 11

Retinol + oxidants = ?

Answer 11

Increases need for retinol.

Question 12

Zinc + Phytates = ?

Answer 12

Increases need for zinc.

Question 13

What are the 4 major effects of toxicants on nutrition?

Answer 13

MODIFICATION of nutrient content of food, MODULATION of appetite, INHIBITION of digestion and absorption, ALTERATION of nutrient metabolism and function.

Question 14

How do toxicants modify nutrient content in food?

Answer 14

Toxicants modify nutrient content in food by reacting with nutrients and decreasing the availability of these nutrients.

Question 15

How do toxicants modulate appetite?

Answer 15

Toxicants can modulate/regulate appetite by decreasing food intake and mood.

Question 16

How do toxicants inhibit digestion and absorption of food?

Answer 16

Toxicants may interfere with chemicals/enzymes found in the body that aid in metabolism.

Question 17

What toxicant decreases the digestion of protein?

Answer 17

Trypsin inhibitors in raw legumes decreases the digestion of protein.

Question 18

What toxicant inhibits the digestion of lipids?

Answer 18

Bile acids sequestrants the digestion of lipids.

Question 19

What toxicant decreases the active transport of thiamin and folacin?

Answer 19

Alcohol decreases the active transport of thiamin and folacin.

Question 20

What toxicant precipitates/binds to iron?

Answer 20

Antacids precipitates/binds to iron.

Question 21

What toxicant binds to zinc?

Answer 21

Phytates bind to zinc.

Question 22

What toxicant inhibits absorption of Vit. A, D, K, B12?

Answer 22

Cochicine, neomycin inhibits the absorption of Vit. A, D, K, B12.

Question 23

What toxicant precipitates with Ca?

Answer 23

Tetracycline precipitates with Ca.

Question 24

What toxicant decreases the digestion and absorption time of many nutrients?

Answer 24

Laxatives decrease the digestion/absorption time of many nutrients.