nueron/nuerotransmitters quiz

Question 1

everything we do is ultimately controlled by our body and brain

Answer 1

biological psychology

Question 2

a nerve cell

Answer 2

nueron

Question 3

afferent neurons that detect stimuli from sense organs and relay this information to the brain and or spinal cord (inward)

Answer 3

sensory neuron

Question 4

efferent neurons that receive signals from the brain and or spinal cord and relay this to information to the glands and muscles (outward)

Answer 4

motor neuron (efferent)

Question 5

neurons in the brain and spinal cord that coordinate activity between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 5

inter neurons

Question 6

provide nutrients to neurons, insulate neurons, and remove debris when neurons die

Answer 6

glial cells

Question 7

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

Answer 7

dendrites

Question 8

the parts of an organism other than the reproductive cells

Answer 8

soma

Question 9

the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

the long threadlike
part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

Answer 10

axon

Question 11

a sleeve (sheath) thats wrapped around each nerve cell (nerves) it is a protective layer of fat (lipids) and protein that coats the main body section of the neuron called the axon

Answer 11

myelin sheath

Question 12

end of axon and beginning of junction with other cells where messages are transferred (neurotransmitters are stored there to communicate with other neurons via synapses)

Answer 12

axon terminal

Question 13

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Answer 13

ions

Question 14

resting neuron that has a positive voltage all over the membrane

Answer 14

resting potential (polarized)

Question 15

if a single nerve fibre is stimulated, it will always give a maximal response, the principle that the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimuli

Answer 15

all or none law

Question 16

refers to the level of neural depolarization that is necessary to generate an action potential

Answer 16

threshold of excitation

Question 17

the cell’s internal charge becomes less negative (more positive), and repolarization, where the internal charge returns to more a negative value

Answer 17

action potential (depolarized)

Question 18

a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation

Answer 18

refractory period

Question 19

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

Answer 19

synapse

Question 20

chemical messengers that your body can’t function without, carry chemical signals or messages from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell (nerve cell, a muscle cell, or a gland), regulate many aspects of behavior

Answer 20

neurotransmitters

Question 21

the reabsorption by a neuron of a neurotransmitter following the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse

Answer 21

reuptake

Question 22

a substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action

Answer 22

agonist

Question 23

a biological structure or chemical agent that interferes with the psychological action of another

Answer 23

antagonist

Question 24

function: enables muscle action, learning, and memory, ex: alzheimer’s disease

Answer 24

acetylcholine

Question 25

function: affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal, ex: prozac and other antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels

Answer 25

seratonin

Question 26

function: influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion, ex: linked to schizophrenia

Answer 26

dopamine

Question 27

function: helps control alertness and arousal, ex: undersupply can depress mood

Answer 27

norepinephrine

Question 28

function: neurotransmitters that are released in our brain to reduce pain and make us feel good, natural analgesics, they work by gathering in the space between neurons, preventing the pain impulse from traveling to the brain

Answer 28

endorphins

Question 29

an amino acid that serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

Answer 29

gaba

Question 30

an amino acid that acts as a neurotransmitter, sends chemical messages in the brain by exciting neurons that are sensitive to it.

Answer 30

glutamate