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Speech Anatomy > Nuero Q2 > Flashcards

Nuero Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest structure of the nervous system
motor (opposite hemispheres control opposite side of body)
houses the lobes of the brain

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2
Q

Dura Mater

A

Most superficial meningeal lining
barrier between skull and neural tissue

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3
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

middle layer
covered in blood vessels
skips from crest to crest

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4
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Thin membranous covering
Follows the contour of the brain
major arteries and veins in this layer
contains CSF

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5
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Found in subarachnoid space and ventral system
physical support for brain
keeps it a float
homeostasis

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6
Q

Ventricles

A

spaces within brain
remnants of the embryonic neural tubes
4 cavities

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7
Q

Choroid plexus

A

tissues within each ventrical that produce CSF

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8
Q

Ventricles and CSF

A

creation of CSF causes an increase in pressure

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9
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Central Sulcus

A

divides parietal and frontal lobes

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10
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Lateral Sulcus

A

divides temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes

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11
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

a large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the 2 brain hemispheres allowing for communication

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12
Q

Superior Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides the left and right hemispheres

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13
Q

Frontal Lobe: Superior Frontal Gyrus

A

motor/ premotor
voluntary eye movement
decision making

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe: Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex
voluntary

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15
Q

Frontal Lobe: Homunculus

A

Sensory

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16
Q

Frontal Lobe: Middle Frontal Gyrus

A

executive function highest level
memory

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17
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

planning and initiation of voluntary movement
cognitive function and personality
speech and expressive lg

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18
Q

Frontal Lobe: Interior Frontal Gyrus

A

risk aversion
Brochas area (expressive lg)

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19
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A

memory, emotions, mood, responsibility

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20
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Largest lobe
primary reception and integration of somatic (bodily) sense
cognitive processes

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21
Q

Parietal Lobe: Post central Gyrus

A

receives somatic sensation

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22
Q

Parietal Lobe: Supramarginal Gyrus

A

phonological processing (speech and written lg)

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23
Q

Parietal Lobe: Angular Gyrus

A

Visual association for reading and comprehension

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24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

important for many SHL functions

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25
Q

Temporal Lobe: Heschls Gyrus

A

primary auditory reception
high auditory processing

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26
Q

Temporal Lobe: Wernickes Area

A

receptive lg processing
auditory word recognition
lg comprehension

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27
Q

Temporal Lobe: Hippocampus

A

Short term memory to long term memory
olfaction

28
Q

Temporal Lobe: Fusiform Gyrus

A

facial recognition

29
Q

Occipital lobe: Calcarine Sulcus

A

primary visual reception
higher-level visual processing

30
Q

Insula

A

perception of self
deep to the cerebrum
motor planning for speech articulatory gestures

31
Q

Subcortex

A

region beneath the cortex
impairments - ALS

32
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • coordinates motor commands with sensory inputs
  • communicates w/ brainstem cerebrum spinal cord
  • balance complex motor functions
33
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

group of cells bodies related to control background movement and movement patterns

34
Q

Caudate Nucleus (basal ganglia nucleus)

A

spatial and working memory
movement initiation/ executive function

35
Q

Putamen (basal Ganglia)

A

important for learning new motor patterns

36
Q

Diencephalon: Thalamus

A

Largest (and most complex structure of diencephalon)
final relay for sensory info to the cortex for all sensations except olfaction

37
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • regulation for autonomic functions
  • control of the endocrine system
38
Q

Central NS

A

integrates sensory info
brain, cerebellum, brainstem, subcortex
all housed in bone

39
Q

Peripheral NS

A
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    -12 pairs of cranial nerves
40
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

fight or flight

41
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

rest and digest

42
Q

Somatic NS

A

everything under conscious + voluntary control
opposite of autonomic

43
Q

Afferent Process

A

sensory
receiving or sensing information

44
Q

Efferent Process

A

motor
activating muscles or glands

45
Q

excitation

A

increases activity in stimulated tissue

46
Q

Inhibition

A

reduces neuron output

47
Q

Synapse

A

communication between nuerons

48
Q

presynaptic

A

end bouton

49
Q

post synaptic

A

dendrite

50
Q

Ions

A

atoms that have either lost or gained electrons
magnet vibes
attracted to opposite, repel the same

51
Q

concentration gradient

A

move from high to low until equal

52
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

pending charge (balance charges) by moving ions

53
Q

passive transport

A

allows specific ions to pass through membrane. Does not expend energy.
- concentration gradient

54
Q

Active Transport

A

moving against the gradient
- electrochemical

55
Q

Resting Membrane potential

A

negative inside the cell

56
Q

Action potential

A

the explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current

57
Q

Depolarization

A

sodium channels open
moving closer to 0 charge
intercellular space positive

58
Q

Repolarization

A

after sodium, potassium channels open
(intercellular space neg)

59
Q

Propagation

A

spreading effect of wave action

60
Q

MRI

A

uses magnets to align nuclei of the atoms of the body
best

61
Q

fMRI

A

functional MRI
measures blood flow, metabolic activity
areas light up

62
Q

CT or CAT scan

A

3d image of tissue
fast
not as clear MRI

63
Q

PET scan

A

blood flow, metabolic activity
uses radiation
used a lot for cancer patients

64
Q

MEG

A

measures magnetic fields generated by the brain

65
Q

MCA

A

medical cerebral artery
- most common site of occlusion
- significant speech lg deficiets

Speech Anatomy (3 decks)

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