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neurosurgery > NUERO > Flashcards

NUERO Flashcards

1
Q

name two structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS/PNS

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2
Q

name two functional divisions of the nerous sytem?

A

ANS Autonomic / SNS somatic

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3
Q

Autonomic ANS

A

Connects the CNS to the visceral organs via the cranial and spinal nerves, initiating involuntary responses

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4
Q

SNS somoatic

A

connects the cns to the skinand skeletal muscles via the cranial and spinal nerves initiating involuntary responses

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5
Q

name the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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6
Q

sympathetic

A

response prepares the body to deal with emergencies through expenditure of energy “fight or flight” response

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7
Q

parasympathetic

A

response restores homeostatic balance and conserves energy

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8
Q

name the 3 cranial fossae

A

anterior-middle-posterior

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9
Q

what is housed in the anterior fossae?

A

circle of willis, frontal lobes, olfactory bulbs

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10
Q

what is housed in the middle fossae?

A

temporal lobes, sella turcica, sephnoid bone, pituitary gland, middle ear structures

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11
Q

what is housed in the posterior fossae? (largest and deepest)

A

Brain stem, provides passage for the spinal cord to join the brain

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12
Q

what three structures comprise the brainstem?

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

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13
Q

where is the most CSF produced?

A

choroid plexus\ lateral ventricles

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14
Q

where is CSF absorbed?

A

arachnoid villi

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15
Q

average volume of CSF in a healthy adult?

A

150ml

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16
Q

average pressure of CSF in a healthy adult?

A

20cm=200mmH2O

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17
Q

how many vertebrae in the spinal column?

A

33

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18
Q

how many periheral spinal nerevs in the spinal column?

A

31

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19
Q

At what level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1-L4

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20
Q

anatomy of an intervertebral disc

A

outer fibrous capsule (annulus) inner nucleous (pulposis) “crab meat”

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21
Q

anatomy of a ruptured disc

A

fracture or fissure of the annulus with neucleous pulposis protrussion

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22
Q

which cranial nerve is responsible for sight?

A

ll optic

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23
Q

which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and sense of balance?

A

vlll vestibulochoclear

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24
Q

5 arteries that form the circle of willis

A

1-anterior 2- middle 3- posterior 4-cerebral 5- Anterior and Posterior communicating

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25
Q

what function does the circle of willis perform?

A

maintains cerebral perfusion

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26
Q

two arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the circle of willis

A

internal carotid, anterior

vertebral arteries, posterior

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27
Q

common site for annurysem in the circle of willis?

A

at any biforcation

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28
Q

1st sign of ruptured intracranial aneurysm?

A

severe headach

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29
Q

ruptured intervertebral disc produces symptoms

A

nerve root imingment

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30
Q

how is tic douloreux treated?

A

Rhizotomy (glysepol or radio frequency)

31
Q

nerve affected with carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

32
Q

how is carpal tunnel syndrome surgically treated?

A

release of TCL trans carpal ligament

33
Q

neurectomoy

A

removal of a nerve

34
Q

sympathecomy

A

sectioning of a nerve

35
Q

neurolysis

A

freeing of a nerve

36
Q

rhizotomy

A

the surgical section or cutting of the spinal nerve roots, usually posterior or sensory roots, to eliminate pain.

37
Q

myelmeningocele

A

a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column

38
Q

cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

A

CSF out the nose

39
Q

cerebrospinal otorrhea

A

CSF out the ear

40
Q

crainiotomy

A

removal of a section of cranium referred to as a bone flap

41
Q

crainiectomy

A

permanent removal of a section of the cranium using burrs & ronguers to enlarge 1 or more burr holes

42
Q

crainiectomy vrs crainiotmoy

A

ectomy- permanant removal

otomy-flap is put back

43
Q

reason for a crainiectomy

A

infection or cancer

44
Q

cuada eqina

A

branched nerevs that extend down the sarum

45
Q

5 paraspinal ligaments

A

anterior longitudinal,posterior longitudinal, ligamentum flavem, interspinal, supraspinal

46
Q

burr hole

A

minimum exposure that can be made to acess the brain

47
Q

why use burr hole?

A

to remove loacalized fluid collection secondary to head trauma, placement of catheter

48
Q

epidural vrs subdural hematoma

A

venous bleeding, collects slower. Acute, subacute or chronic

49
Q

what artery is most frequent to result in tear or laceration with an epidural hematoma?

A

middle menigel artery

50
Q

lumbar laminectomy

A

excision of one or more vertebral laminae

51
Q

common positions for lumbar laminectomy

A

prone, modified knee chest, lateral

52
Q

positioning aids ( prone frames)

A

wilson, kambin, hastings

53
Q

positioning aids ( knee chest frames)

A

Andrews hicks

54
Q

spinal cord stimulator

A

implantable, non destructive medical device

55
Q

why use spinal cord stimulator?

A

to treat chronic non-traceable pain in the limbs and trunk. The device generates an elctrical impulse to the epidural space which produces a tingling sensation that masks the perception of pain.

56
Q

A.V.M is treated

A

Crainiotomy, isolation, and subsequent excision of mass

57
Q

cervical tongs used to employ cervical traction in cases of neck injury?

A

cruchfield, Vinke, Garden wells

58
Q

diagnostic x-ray study considered the criterion standard for acute head injury?

A

CT-scan

59
Q

Methalyne blue

A

neurotoxic

60
Q

hydrocephalus

A

pathological condition with an Increase in CSF in the crainial cavity causing ICP

61
Q

WADA’s test

A

isolates the dominant hemisphere of the brain

62
Q

two frequent surgical shunting procedures used to treat hydrocephalus

A

V-P Ventriculoperioneal

V-A Ventriculoarterial

63
Q

disposable hemostatic clips

A

used to control bleeding ( Leroy) pedi (raney) adult. clips are placed over the edges of wound as primary incision is made

64
Q

3 manners to treat intracranial aneurysms surgically

A

aneurysm clips, silk sutures, PMMA imprgnated mesh

65
Q

mechanical hemostasis

A

physically stopping thed bleeding. clips or ligature

66
Q

chemical hemostasis

A

stimulating the clotting cascade- thrombin

67
Q

hand controlled pneumatic driver to create burr holes?

A

crianiatome

68
Q

hand- controlled manually -powered driver to create burr holes?

A

hudson brace

69
Q

foot controlled pneumatic intrument used to “turn” bone flaps during criniotomy or to remove laminae during laminectomy?

A

midas rex/ Anspach

70
Q

pituitary ronguers

A

instrument used to remove nucleus pulposus (soft tissue) from intervertebral disk in laminectomy

71
Q

kerrison rongeur

A

used to mannually remove bone from the intervertebral foramina or laminea during laminectomy

72
Q

CUSA

A

Cariton Ultrasonic Aspirator

73
Q

what is a CUSA?

A

emits a variable ultasonic energy field that emulsifies abnormal tissue while persuing normal neural tissue

74
Q

Ventricular system

A

CSF circulates throughthe ventricles, and central canal, enters the subarachnoid space and is then reabsorbed into the blood of the dural sinuses through arachnoid granulation.

neurosurgery (1 decks)

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