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Nucs Flashcards

1
Q

Isobaric transition

A

No change in mass (beta +, beta -, EC)

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2
Q

Isometric transition

A

Nrg release (gamma)

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3
Q

Cyclotron isotopes

A

Produced by bombarding charged particles: 99Mo, 18F, 67Ga, 201Th

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4
Q

Nuclear reactor isotopes

A

Produced by neutron: 98 Mo (makes 99Mo), 131I, 133Xe, 201Th

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5
Q

Generator

A

Produced by decay/elution. 99Mo -> 99mTc

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6
Q

Radionuclide purity 99mTc

A

Breakthrough Mo. < 0.15uCi Mo / 1 mCi Tc. Measured with shields

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7
Q

Chemical purity 99mTc

A

Free Al -> liver, spleen, LUNG uptake.

< 10ug Al per mL

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8
Q

Radiochemical purity 99mTc

A

Free Tc -> stomach, salivary glands, thyroid uptake
> 95% Na99mTcO4
> 92% 99mTcMAA
> 91% all other 99mTc radiotracers
-assessed by liquid chromotography

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9
Q

Types of collimators

A

1) Parallel (workhorse) IIIIII
2) Pinhole (thyroid) - mags and inverts
3) Converging - mags //II
4) Diverging - minimizes \II//

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10
Q

Downscatter

A

Use lower nrg isotope first if pt needs multiple isotopes
- Compton scatter from higher nrg isotop obscures lower nrg peaks

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11
Q

Star artifact

A

septal penetration from hexagonal collimator

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12
Q

Field Uniformity Test (SPECT)

A

Flood test. Daily w/ collimator

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13
Q

Nrg Window Test (SPECT)

A

Daily

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14
Q

Image linearity and spatial resolution test (SPECT)

A

Weekly

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15
Q

Geiger Counter/Ion chamber calibration test

A

Yearly

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15
Q

Center of rotation (SPECT)

A

Monthly

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16
Q

Consistency test (Ionization chamber)

A

Daily

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17
Q

Linearity test (ionization chamber)

A

Quarterly

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18
Q

Accuracy (Ionization chamber)

A

During installation, annually

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19
Q

Geometry test (Ionization chamber)

A

During installation, when moved

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20
Q

Major Spills

A

> 100 mCi Tc, Th
10 mCi In, 123I, 67Ga
1 mCi 131I

Clear area, cover spill, notify Rad safety

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21
Q

Dose limit - general public

A

< 2 mrem/hr

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22
Q

Occupational limit body

A

5 mrem (50 mSv) / yr

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23
Q

Occupational limit lens

A

15 mrem (150 mSv)

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24
Q

Occupational limit single organ (ie: skin)

A

50 mrem (500 mSv)

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25
Q

Occupational limit extremity

A

50 mrem (500 mSv)

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26
Q

Occupational limit embryo

A

0.5 mrem (5 mSv)

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27
Q

Limit hot sink

A

1 Ci

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28
Q

Dose limit 131I to general public

A

5 mSv

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29
Q

Reportable event

A

> 5 rem or > 50 rem single organ

Call NRC 24 hrs
Write letter 15 days
Notify doctor 24 hrs

30
Q

White 1 Receiving Isotopes

A

< 0.5mRem/hr @ surface
0 mRem/hr @ 1m

31
Q

Yellow 2 Receiving Isotopes

A

< 50 mRem/hr @ 1m, > 0.5

32
Q

Yellow 3 Receiving Isotopes

A

< 200 mRem/hr @ 1 m, > 50

33
Q

Yellow 2 Transporting Isotopes

A

< 1 mRem/hr

34
Q

Yellow 3 Transporting Isotopes

A

> 1 mRem/hr, < 10 mRem/hr

35
Q

Uniformity test (PET)

A

Blank scan. Daily

36
Q

Normalization scan (PET)

A

Monthly

37
Q

99mTc

A

140 keV, 6hr

38
Q

201Tl

A

69-83 keV, 3 days

39
Q

133Xe

A

81 keV, 5.2 days

40
Q

123I

A

159 keV, 13 hr

41
Q

131I

A

364 keV, 8.1 days

42
Q

67Ga

A

93, 184, 296, (388) keV, 78 hr

43
Q

111In

A

171, 245 keV, 2.8 days

44
Q

BioD 123I-MIBG

A

Liver > spleen
Peds patient
Salivary glands
Myocardial activity

45
Q

BioD 111In Octreoscan

A

Spleen > liver
Salivary glands
No myocardial activity

46
Q

BioD 99Tc-Sestamibi

A

Thyroid
Heart
Liver

47
Q

BioD 18F-FACBC (Axumin)

A

Intense pancreas
No brain

48
Q

BioD 67 Ga

A

Lacrimal glands

49
Q

BioD DOTATATE

A

Intense Pituitary
No brain
Intense spleen

50
Q

Low NRG collimator

A

< 150 keV (Tc)

51
Q

Medium NRG collimator

A

< 300 keV. NOT Tc, NOT 131I

52
Q

High NRG collimator

A

> 300 keV. 131I only

53
Q

Written Directive

A
  1. Name
  2. Radioisotope (Therapy)
  3. Dosage
  4. Route

*Required for 131I > 30 uCi, or any therapy

54
Q

Stochastic model

A

(Random), no threshold. Increase radiation dose increases chance

55
Q

Deterministic model

A

Threshold dose -> effect

56
Q

Most sensitive phase of cell cycle

A

M phase.

Followed by G2. S least sensitive.

57
Q

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS)

A

NVD, Feel OK, Possible death

Faster symptoms appear, worse outcome.

> 2 Gy

58
Q

Fetal radiation effects

A

Implantation -> can result in fetal loss if > 100 mGy. No lasting effects.

8-15 wks - sensitive time. Mental retardation/decreased head diameter

> 15 wks - less sensitive

Fetal IQ drops 30 pts for every sv. 40% risk of retardation at 1 sv.

59
Q

Skin erythema

A

2 Gy

60
Q

Telangiectasia

A

10 Gy, 52 wks

61
Q

Desquamation

A

13-18 Gy

62
Q

Ulceration

A

18-24 Gy

63
Q

Temporary Epilation

A

3 Gy

64
Q

Permanent Epilation

A

7 Gy

65
Q

Radiation-induced cataracts

A

Posterior lens

66
Q

Male temporary sterility

A

0.15 - 2.5 Gy

67
Q

Male permanent sterility

A

5 Gy

68
Q

Female sterility

A

2-10 Gy (higher in young females)

69
Q

Background radiation

A

~3 mSv/yr

70
Q

Fetal death

A

100 mGy in first 2 weeks

71
Q

Most radiosensitive organ

A

Breast > gonads

72
Q

Shielding

A

Gamma rays - high Z material (lead, concrete)

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