Nucleus, Chromatin structure, and organelle genomes

Question 1

When are chromosomes within the cell visible?

Answer 1

When cells are dividing

Question 2

The cell spends the majority of its time in what phase?

Answer 2

interphase

Question 3

What are the 3 minimum requirements for chromosomes?

Answer 3

telomere (ends), Centromere (to get pulled apart), replication origin (at least 1)

Question 4

condensed chromatin

Answer 4

heterochromatin

Question 5

diffuse chromatin

Answer 5

euchromatin

Question 6

What looks like “beads on a string”

Answer 6

10nm units of chromatin

Question 7

Proteins that DNA wraps around

Answer 7

Histones

Question 8

How many proteins make up a histone?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

Where does transcription start on chromatin?

Answer 9

between the beads

Question 10

A large room between nucleosomes may indicate…

Answer 10

that is area is frequently transcribed

Question 11

How many nucleotide pairs are typically found around a nucleosome?

Answer 11

200

Question 12

What is the ratio of protein to DNA in chromatin?

Answer 12

2:1

Question 13

T or F the structure of the nucleosome is highly conserved in eukaryotes?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

“puffs” in chromatin indicate that…

Answer 14

the gene is turned on

Question 15

What is the role of remodeling complexes?

Answer 15

alter the DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions.

Question 16

How do remodeling complexes affect transcription?

Answer 16

They can move DNA away from histones for transcription or pull it closer to stop transcription

Question 17

What controls the structure of chromatin

Answer 17

Remodeling complexes

Question 18

What are 3 reasons for changes in chromatin structure?

Answer 18

mitotic packing, gene silencing, expression

Question 19

Describe the pattern of mitochondrial inheritance.

Answer 19

its uniparental and maternal

Question 20

T or F mitochondria have their own genome

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Where are most mitochondrial proteins encoded for?

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

Where are most mitochondrial proteins made?

Answer 22

cytosol

Question 23

Why no male mitochondria?

Answer 23

Sperm leave its mito behind

Question 24

from who is the mitochondrial cytoplasm inherited?

Answer 24

mom

Question 25

Mitochondrial gene disruptions are inherited from?

Answer 25

mom

Question 26

Are all inherited traits of a mitochondria maternal?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

T or F : DNA bound to histones is protected from digestion, transcription, etc.

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Do males inherit mitochondria from mom?

Answer 28

YES