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1.5 Nucleotides > Nucleotides > Flashcards

Nucleotides Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA

A

a type of nucleotide

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2
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

what are the 3 parts to a nucleotide

A

a 5 carbon sugar

a phosphate group

1 of 4 nitrogenous bases

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4
Q

what are the 4 different types of nitrogenous base (DNA)

A

adenine

thymine

cytosine

guanine

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5
Q

what other nitrogenous base does adenine bind to

A

thymine

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6
Q

what other nitrogenous base does cytosine bind to

A

guanine

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7
Q

what shape is DNA

A

double helix

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8
Q

what is the double helix supported by

A

sugar phosphate backbone

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9
Q

which way does the normal strand go

A

5 prime to 3 prime

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10
Q

which way does the antiparralel strand go

A

3 prime to 5 prime which is why it is upside down

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11
Q

adenine to thymine has how many hydrogen bonds

A

2

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12
Q

cytosine to guanine has how many hydrogen bonds

A

3

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13
Q

what is the antiparrallel strand if the regular strand is AGGCTG

A

TCCGAC

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14
Q

How is RNA similar to DNA

A

They both have a sugar phosphate backbone

They both have nitrogenous bases attached to a 5 carbon sugar.

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15
Q

How is RNA different to DNA

A

RNA is a single stranded molecule, whereas DNA is a two stranded molecule

RNA contains ribose as its 5 carbon sugar whereas DNA contains Deoxyribose as its 5 carbon sugar

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16
Q

How is ribose different to deoxyribose?

A

Ribose has 1 more oxygen.

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17
Q

How are the nitrogenous base pairs in RNA different to DNA

A

in RNA there is no thymine so it is replaced by URACIL hence the reason why adenine bonds to uracil

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18
Q

what is the job of DNA helicase

A

it unwinds and unzips the double helix in DNA

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19
Q

what way does the non antiparralel strand go

A

5 prime to 3 prime

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20
Q

so the anti parralel strand will go to

A

3 prime to 5 prime

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21
Q

what is the role of DNA polymerase

A
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22
Q

What are nucleic acids

A

polymers made up of monomers which are called nucleotides

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23
Q

what are the two groups of organic bases

A

pyrimidine bases

purine bases

24
Q

what nitrogenous bases are contained within the pyrimidine

A

thymine cytosine and uracil

25
Q

what nitrogenous bases are contained within the purine bases

A

adenine and guanine

26
Q

how many rings does pyrimidine skeleton have

A

1

27
Q

how many rings does the purine skeleton have

A

2

28
Q

why is ATP described as the universal energy currency

A

because it is involved in energy changes in all living organisms

29
Q
A
30
Q

what is the structure of ATP

A

Adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate group

if it is asking for explain then

Adenine + ribose give you Adenosine

3 phosphates give you the tri phosphate

hence

Adenosine tri phosphate

31
Q

what is produced when ATP is hydrolysed

A

ADP

inorganic phosphate represented by Pi

Triangle H shows a negative heat change showing energy is released

32
Q

What is the process called when you add a phosphate to ADP

A

phosphorylation

33
Q

what are the roles of ATP

A

metabolic processes

active transport

movement for muscle contraction

nerve transmission sodium potassium pumps actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the axon membrane

secreation the packaging and transport of secretory products into vesicles

34
Q

why is DNA suited to its function

A

very stable molecule and its information content passes essentially unchanged

large molecule and carries a large ammount of genetic information

the two strands are able to separate as they are held together by hyrdrogen bonds

base pairs are on the inside of double helix within the deoxyribose phosphate backbones so the genetic information is protected

35
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA

A

messenger RNA

ribosomal RNA

Transfer RNA

36
Q

what is the structure of mRNA

A

single strand

long

synthesised in the nucleus

37
Q

what is the role of MRNA

A

carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

38
Q

what determins the length of a MRNA

A

related to gene from which they are synthesised

39
Q
A
40
Q

Where is rRNA found

A

cytoplasm

41
Q

what is a ribosome made up of

A

rRNA and proteins

42
Q

what are ribosomes the site of

A

translation of the genetic code into protein

43
Q

how does tRNA form base pairs with itself

A

folds

44
Q

what is the general shape of tRNA described as?

A

3 leaf clover

45
Q

the 3 prime end has the base sequence of what

A

CCA

46
Q

tRNA also carries a sequence of three bases which is known as

A

Anticodon

47
Q

what is the role of the tRNA

A

Molecules of tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosomes in proteins synthesis

48
Q

what does conservative replication mean

A

where the parrent double helix remains intact and a whole new double helix is made

49
Q

what does semi conservative mean

A

in which th eparental double helix separeates into two strands each of which acts as a temple for synthesis of a new strand

50
Q
A
51
Q

what does dispesive replication stand for

A

which the two new double helices contain fragment from both stands of the double helix

52
Q

describe the meselson stahl experiment

A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A

1.5 Nucleotides (1 decks)

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