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Biology: 2.1.3 Nucleic acids > nucleotides > Flashcards

nucleotides Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a nucleotide made from

A

a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base
a phosphate group

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2
Q

what elements do nucleotides contain

A

C, H, O, N, P

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3
Q

what type of molecules are nucleotides

A

monomers

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4
Q

what structures do nucleotides make up

A

DNA and RNA

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5
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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6
Q

what are the 4 possible bases for a DNA nucleotide

A

A - adenine
T - thymine
C - cytosine
G- guanine

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7
Q

what is a purine

A

a base that contains two carbon nitrogen rings joined together

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8
Q

what is a pyrimidine

A

a base that contains one carbon nitrogen ring joined together

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9
Q

which bases are purines

A

A and G

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10
Q

which bases are pyrimidines

A

T and C

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11
Q

how many polynucleotide chains does DNA have

A

two

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12
Q

which pentose sugar is in RNA

A

ribose

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13
Q

what are the 4 bases in RNA

A

A - adenine
U - uracil
C - cytosine
G - guanine

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14
Q

how many polynucleotide chains is RNA made of

A

one

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15
Q

how do you phosphorylate a nucleotide

A

add a phosphate

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16
Q

what is the structure of ADP

A

adenine base
two phosphates
ribose

17
Q

what is the structure of ATP

A

adenine base
three phosphates
ribose

18
Q

what is the function of ATP

A

provides energy for chemical reactions in a cell

19
Q

how is ATP made

A

combining ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphate)

20
Q

what provides the energy to synthesise ATP

A

energy releasing reactions
(breakdown of glucose in respiration)

21
Q

what bond is formed when ATP is synthesised

A

phosphate bond

22
Q

what does the phosphate bond store

A

energy

23
Q

when energy is needed by a cell what happens

A

the phosphate bond breaks to release energy

ATP is converted into ADP + Pi

Biology: 2.1.3 Nucleic acids (4 decks)

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