Nucleotide monomers Flashcards
What are the two types of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Why are nucleic acids vital molecules
carry genetic code in all living things
What elements do nucleic acids contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphate
What is DNA
Double stranded polynucleotide
-Many Nucleotide monomers joined by covalent bonds
What is a Nucleotide
-Bio molecule
-Participate in nearly all biochemical processes
What do nucleotides form
monomers of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA
What happens to nucleotides when they contain more than one phosphate group
Become Phosphorylated nucleotides.
e.g ADP and ATP
What do nucleotides help regulate
Metabolic pathways
What can nucleotides be components of
co-enzymes
What is the structure of a nucleotide
3 bio molecules:
-Pentose sugar molecule (ribose/deoxyribose)
-Organic nitrogenous base (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil)
-Phosphate group
What is the Pentose sugar in DNA called
Deoxyribose
What are the Nitrogenous bases in DNA
A,T,C,G
What is the Pentose sugar in RNA called
Ribose
What are the Nitrogenous bases in RNA
A,U,C,G
What two groups can the bases be divided into
Purines
pyrimidines
what is the structure of pyrimidines and what bases are they
-Smaller bases
-Single carbon ring structure
-T,U,C
what is the structure of Purines and what bases are they
-Larger bases
-Double carbon ring structure
-A,G
What are the 3 main types of bio processes that require energy
-synthesis
-Transport
-Movement
What is ATP
Compound that transfers energy within cell
What is ATP composed of
-Nitrogenous base
-Pentose sugar
-3 phosphate groups
How does ATP release energy
-small amount of energy needed to break bond with last phosphate group
-large amount of energy released when phosphate involved in other reactions with bond formation
Formula of ATP energy release
ATP + H20 —-> ADP + P + Energy
(Phosphate)
Why is it difficult to store ATP easily long term
is a relatively unstable molecule
How is energy usually stored
fats and carbohydrates
What happens to fats and carbohydrates during cellular respiration
broken down into ATP
What are some properties of ATP
-Small (Move in/out of cell easily)
-Water soluble (energy processes Happen in aqueous environments)
-bond between phosphates with intermediate energy-Large to be useful in cellular reactions, small enough so energy not wasted as heat
Releases energy in small quantities- energy is not wasted
-Easily regenerated- recharged with energy
