nucleic acids & proteins

Question 1

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 1

1. DNA: double stranded. RNA: single stranded
2. DNA: contains thymine RNA: contains uracil
3. DNA: contains deoxyribose sugar RNA: contains ribose sugar

Question 2

tRNA

Answer 2

brings specific amino acids to a ribosome for translation

Question 3

mRNA

Answer 3

carry’s genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 4

rRNA

Answer 4

a structural component of the ribosome

Question 5

promoter region

Answer 5

• upstream of the gene being transcribed (5’)
• binding site of RNA polymerase

Question 6

termination sequence

Answer 6

sequence of DNA that signals the end of transctription

Question 7

operator

Answer 7

• only found in prokaryotes
• binding site for repressor protiens

Question 8

transcription factors

Answer 8

• Transcription factors are proteins that can attach to DNA and regulate gene expression
• can induce or repress transcription

Question 9

introns

Answer 9

• non-coding region of DNA
• removed during RNA processing
• only found in eukaryotes

Question 10

exons

Answer 10

• coding region of DNA
• found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 11

transcription: initiation

Answer 11

• transcription factors bind to the promoter region
• RNA POLYMERASE ATTACHES TO THE unwinding the DNA molecule