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BIOCHEMISTRY S.Y. 2022-2023 (LAB&LEC) FLASHCARDS > Nucleic Acids (Lec) > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids (Lec) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F - Cells in an organism are exact replicas

A

T

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2
Q

T/F - Cells have information on how to make new cells

A

T

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3
Q

polymers in which repeating unit is nucleotide

A

Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

two biological molecules that possess heterocyclic nitrogenous bases as principal components of their structure.

A

Nucleotides and nucleic acids

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5
Q

IMPORTANCE OF BOTH:

A

*Elements of heredity and transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring
*Energy metabolism such as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), CTP and GTP

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6
Q

Two Types of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA
* Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA
* Ribonucleic Acid:

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7
Q

Found within cell nucleus; is the storage and transfer of genetic information that is passed from one cell to other during cell division

A

DNA

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8
Q

Occurs in all parts of cell with a primary function to synthesize proteins

A

RNA

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9
Q

three components of Nucleotides:

A

◦ Pentose Sugar: Monosaccharide
◦ Phosphate Group (PO43-)
◦ Heterocyclic Base

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10
Q

difference of nucleoside and nucleotide

A

Nucleosides contain only sugar and a base whereas Nucleotides contain sugar, base and a phosphate group

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11
Q

Pentose Sugar

what sugar is present in RNA

A

Ribose

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12
Q

Pentose Sugar

what sugar is present in DNA

A

2-deoxyribose

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13
Q

Structural difference of the two:

A

◦ a —OH group present on carbon 2’ in ribose
◦ a —H atom in 2-deoxyribose

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14
Q

RNA and DNA differ in the __ in their nucleotides

A

identity of the sugar unit

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15
Q

Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases (5)

A

PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES:
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
uracil (U)

PURINE DERIVATIVES
adenine (A)
guanine (G)

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16
Q

found in both DNA and RNA

A

Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

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17
Q

found only in RNA

A

Uracil (U)

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18
Q

found only in DNA

A

Thymine (T)

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19
Q

difference of pyrimidine and purine

A
  • Purines are larger because they have a two-ring structure while pyrimidines have only one
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20
Q

third component of a nucleotide that is derived from phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

A

Phosphate

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21
Q

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid is ___ to give a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42-)

A

fully dissociated

22
Q

DNA Nucleotides (4) with deoxyribose sugar and their abbreviations

A

adenine = dAMP (deoxyadenosine 5’ -monophosphate)
guanine = dGMP (deoxyguanosine 5’ -monophosphate)
cytosine = dCMP (deoxycytidine 5’ -monophosphate)
thymine = dTMP (deoxythymidine 5’ -monophosphate)

23
Q

RNA Nucleotides (4) with ribose sugar and their abbreviations

A

adenine = AMP (adenosine 5’ -monophosphate)
guanine = GMP (guanosine 5’ -monophosphate)
cytosine = CMP (cytidine 5’ -monophosphate)
uracil = UMP (uridine 5’ -monophosphate)

24
Q

nucleic acid backbone found in all nucleic acids

A

Sugar-phosphate groups

25
Q

a nucleotide polymer in
which each of the monomers contains ribose, a
phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic
bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil

A

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

26
Q

a nucleotide
polymer in which each of the monomers contains
deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the
heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine,
or thymine.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

27
Q

Sequence of nucleotides in
DNA or RNA

A

Primary Structure

28
Q

Features of the Primary Structure:

A
  • Phosphodiester bond at 3’ and
    5’ position
  • 5’ end has free phosphate and
    3’ end has a free OH group
  • Sequence of bases read from 5’
    to 3’
29
Q

The secondary structure of nucleic acids involves what

A

two polynucleotide chains coiled
around each other in a helical fashion

30
Q

T/F - The polynucleotides run anti-parallel (opposite directions) to each other, i.e., 5’ - 3’ and 3’ - 5’

A

T

31
Q

T/F - The bases are located at the center and hydrogen bonded (A=T and GΞC)

A

T

32
Q

Base composition of DNA:

A

: %A = %T and %C = %G

32
Q

T/F - the sequence of bases
on one polynucleotide is complementary
to the other polynucleotide

A

T

33
Q

pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can
hydrogen-bond to each other.

A

Complementary bases

34
Q

strands of DNA in a double helix with
base pairing such that each base is
located opposite its complementary base

A

Complementary DNA

35
Q

Shows hydrogen bonding
between bases in linear fashion

A

DNA

36
Q

Nucleotides are linked together covalently by?

A

phosphodiester bonds (linkage between the 3’ carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5’ carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.)

37
Q

Base Pairing

T/F - One small and one large base can fit inside the DNA strands:

A

T

38
Q

Base Pairing

Hydrogen bonding is stronger with?

A

A-T and G-C

39
Q

Base Pairing

A-T and G-C are called?

A

complementary bases

40
Q

T/F - Purine always pairs with Pyrimidine

A

T

41
Q

complementary strand of 5’ A–A–T–G–C–A–G–C–T 3’

A

3’ T–T–A–C–G–T–C–G–A 5’

42
Q

determined that in DNA, the amount of one base, a purine, always approximately equals the amount of a particular second base

A

Erwin Chargaff

43
Q

obtained high-resolution X-ray images of DNA fibers that suggested a helical, corkscrew-like shape.

A

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin (1952)

44
Q

in 1953, took advantage of Chargaff’s results and the data obtained by Rosalind
Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of DNA to conclude
that DNA was a complementary double helix.

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

45
Q

nucleic acid base that has good stability

A

DNA

46
Q

nucleic acid base that has weak stability

A

RNA

47
Q

nucleic acid base that is double stranded

A

DNA

48
Q

nucleic acid base that is usually single stranded

A

RNA

49
Q

Types of RNA Molecules (3)

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)
mRNA
rRNA

50
Q

Delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis and are the smallest (75–90 nucleotide units)

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

51
Q

carries informationfrom DNA inside the nucleus
and takes it to ribosomes for
protein synthesis.

A

mRNA

BIOCHEMISTRY S.Y. 2022-2023 (LAB&LEC) FLASHCARDS (9 decks)

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