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BIOCHEMISTRY S.Y. 2022-2023 (LAB&LEC) FLASHCARDS > Nucleic Acids (Lec) > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids (Lec) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F - Cells in an organism are exact replicas

A

T

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2
Q

T/F - Cells have information on how to make new cells

A

T

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3
Q

polymers in which repeating unit is nucleotide

A

Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

two biological molecules that possess heterocyclic nitrogenous bases as principal components of their structure.

A

Nucleotides and nucleic acids

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5
Q

IMPORTANCE OF BOTH:

A

*Elements of heredity and transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring
*Energy metabolism such as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), CTP and GTP

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6
Q

Two Types of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA
* Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA
* Ribonucleic Acid:

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7
Q

Found within cell nucleus; is the storage and transfer of genetic information that is passed from one cell to other during cell division

A

DNA

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8
Q

Occurs in all parts of cell with a primary function to synthesize proteins

A

RNA

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9
Q

three components of Nucleotides:

A

◦ Pentose Sugar: Monosaccharide
◦ Phosphate Group (PO43-)
◦ Heterocyclic Base

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10
Q

difference of nucleoside and nucleotide

A

Nucleosides contain only sugar and a base whereas Nucleotides contain sugar, base and a phosphate group

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11
Q

Pentose Sugar

what sugar is present in RNA

A

Ribose

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12
Q

Pentose Sugar

what sugar is present in DNA

A

2-deoxyribose

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13
Q

Structural difference of the two:

A

◦ a —OH group present on carbon 2’ in ribose
◦ a —H atom in 2-deoxyribose

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14
Q

RNA and DNA differ in the __ in their nucleotides

A

identity of the sugar unit

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15
Q

Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases (5)

A

PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES:
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
uracil (U)

PURINE DERIVATIVES
adenine (A)
guanine (G)

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16
Q

found in both DNA and RNA

A

Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

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17
Q

found only in RNA

A

Uracil (U)

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18
Q

found only in DNA

A

Thymine (T)

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19
Q

difference of pyrimidine and purine

A
  • Purines are larger because they have a two-ring structure while pyrimidines have only one
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20
Q

third component of a nucleotide that is derived from phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

A

Phosphate

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21
Q

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid is ___ to give a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42-)

A

fully dissociated

22
Q

DNA Nucleotides (4) with deoxyribose sugar and their abbreviations

A

adenine = dAMP (deoxyadenosine 5’ -monophosphate)
guanine = dGMP (deoxyguanosine 5’ -monophosphate)
cytosine = dCMP (deoxycytidine 5’ -monophosphate)
thymine = dTMP (deoxythymidine 5’ -monophosphate)

23
Q

RNA Nucleotides (4) with ribose sugar and their abbreviations

A

adenine = AMP (adenosine 5’ -monophosphate)
guanine = GMP (guanosine 5’ -monophosphate)
cytosine = CMP (cytidine 5’ -monophosphate)
uracil = UMP (uridine 5’ -monophosphate)

24
Q

nucleic acid backbone found in all nucleic acids

A

Sugar-phosphate groups

25
a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
26
a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
27
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA
Primary Structure
28
Features of the Primary Structure:
- Phosphodiester bond at 3’ and 5’ position - 5’ end has free phosphate and 3’ end has a free OH group - Sequence of bases read from 5’ to 3’
29
The secondary structure of nucleic acids involves what
two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion
30
T/F - The polynucleotides run anti-parallel (opposite directions) to each other, i.e., 5’ - 3’ and 3’ - 5’
T
31
T/F - The bases are located at the center and hydrogen bonded (A=T and GΞC)
T
32
Base composition of DNA:
: %A = %T and %C = %G
32
T/F - the sequence of bases on one polynucleotide is complementary to the other polynucleotide
T
33
pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen-bond to each other.
Complementary bases
34
strands of DNA in a double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complementary base
Complementary DNA
35
Shows hydrogen bonding between bases in linear fashion
DNA
36
Nucleotides are linked together covalently by?
phosphodiester bonds (linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.)
37
Base Pairing T/F - One small and one large base can fit inside the DNA strands:
T
38
Base Pairing Hydrogen bonding is stronger with?
A-T and G-C
39
Base Pairing A-T and G-C are called?
complementary bases
40
T/F - Purine always pairs with Pyrimidine
T
41
complementary strand of 5’ A–A–T–G–C–A–G–C–T 3’
3’ T–T–A–C–G–T–C–G–A 5’
42
determined that in DNA, the amount of one base, a purine, always approximately equals the amount of a particular second base
Erwin Chargaff
43
obtained high-resolution X-ray images of DNA fibers that suggested a helical, corkscrew-like shape.
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin (1952)
44
in 1953, took advantage of Chargaff’s results and the data obtained by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of DNA to conclude that DNA was a complementary double helix.
James Watson and Francis Crick
45
nucleic acid base that has good stability
DNA
46
nucleic acid base that has weak stability
RNA
47
nucleic acid base that is double stranded
DNA
48
nucleic acid base that is usually single stranded
RNA
49
Types of RNA Molecules (3)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) mRNA rRNA
50
Delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis and are the smallest (75–90 nucleotide units)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
51
carries informationfrom DNA inside the nucleus and takes it to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
mRNA

BIOCHEMISTRY S.Y. 2022-2023 (LAB&LEC) FLASHCARDS (9 decks)

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