Nucleic Acids-DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Structure of DNA and what does this provide for the cell?

A

A double helix shape which keeps the molecule stable preventing a mutation from occurring.

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2
Q

What happens in DNA if a mutation occurs?

A

It changes the code for a protein as the bases change so therefore cannot complete it’s desired function.

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3
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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4
Q

What pairs are the bases in?

A

Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine

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5
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine?

A

Two Hydrogen Bonds

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5
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine?

A

Three Hydrogen Bonds

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6
Q

In DNA, what are the pyrimidines?

A

Thymine and Cytosine

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7
Q

In DNA, the pyrimidines have what structures?

A

Single Carbon Ring Structures

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8
Q

In DNA, what are the purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

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9
Q

In DNA, the purines have what structures?

A

Double Carbon Ring Structures

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10
Q

What do Nucleotides form?

A

The monomers of nucleic acids, with the same general structure.

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11
Q

When do Nucleotides become phosphorylated?

A

When they contain this carbon pentose one or more sugar is deoxyribose phosphate group.

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12
Q

What role does ADP and ATP play in the body?

A

Regulate Metabolic Pathways

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13
Q

When nucleotides joined together, what do they create?

A

Polynucleotides

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14
Q

What are the bonds between nucleotides called?

A

Phosphodiester

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15
Q

What does the bonding of nucleotides form?

A

The sugar backbone of DNA.

16
Q

How are phosphodiester bonds formed?

A

By Condensation Reactions

17
Q

How are phosphodiester bonds broken?

A

By Hydrolysis Reactions

18
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

Usually Single Stranded

19
Q

What rate does RNA break down?

A

Quick as it is single stranded.

20
Q

What are the purines in RNA?

A

Adenine and Guanine

21
Q

What are the pyrimidines in RNA?

A

Cytosine and Uracil.

22
Q

What are the 3 forms of RNA?

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

23
Q

In RNA, what is the length of the polynucleotide?

A

Short