Nucleic Acids-DNA and RNA Flashcards
What is the Structure of DNA and what does this provide for the cell?
A double helix shape which keeps the molecule stable preventing a mutation from occurring.
What happens in DNA if a mutation occurs?
It changes the code for a protein as the bases change so therefore cannot complete it’s desired function.
What are the 4 bases in DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What pairs are the bases in?
Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
How many hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine?
Two Hydrogen Bonds
How many hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine?
Three Hydrogen Bonds
In DNA, what are the pyrimidines?
Thymine and Cytosine
In DNA, the pyrimidines have what structures?
Single Carbon Ring Structures
In DNA, what are the purines?
Adenine and Guanine
In DNA, the purines have what structures?
Double Carbon Ring Structures
What do Nucleotides form?
The monomers of nucleic acids, with the same general structure.
When do Nucleotides become phosphorylated?
When they contain this carbon pentose one or more sugar is deoxyribose phosphate group.
What role does ADP and ATP play in the body?
Regulate Metabolic Pathways
When nucleotides joined together, what do they create?
Polynucleotides
What are the bonds between nucleotides called?
Phosphodiester
What does the bonding of nucleotides form?
The sugar backbone of DNA.
How are phosphodiester bonds formed?
By Condensation Reactions
How are phosphodiester bonds broken?
By Hydrolysis Reactions
What is the structure of RNA?
Usually Single Stranded
What rate does RNA break down?
Quick as it is single stranded.
What are the purines in RNA?
Adenine and Guanine
What are the pyrimidines in RNA?
Cytosine and Uracil.
What are the 3 forms of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
In RNA, what is the length of the polynucleotide?
Short
