Nucleic Acids and Proteins Flashcards
primary structure 1 degree
The unique linear sequence of amino acids in protein. Sequence is dictated by DNA
secondary structure 2
due to H bonding between amino acids within the same polypeptide chain but some distance apart. These are intermolecular forces
2 types of secondary structure
alpha helix
Beta pleated sheets
Alpha helix
due to H bonds between the amid and carboxyl group (COOH) where the amino acid residues not far away in the same polypeptide
Beta Pleated Sheets
due to h bonds between amide and carboxyl groups where the amino acid residues are on different polypeptides or the same polypeptide where the chain has folded back on itself such that the 2 parts of the strand involved are side by side
Tertiary Structure 3 degree
the overall 3 dimensional shape assume by the polypeptide chain. it twists and folds itself due to its # of interactions
What are the interactions in the tertiary structure 3 degree
Ionic bonds - positively charged r groups attracted to negatively charged r groups
H bonds- between 2 polar R groups
Disulfide Bond- covalent bonds between 2 cysteine amino acids- bridges- together on the same polypeptide chain
Hydrophobic interactions- due to non polar R groups interacting and folding away from water
Quaternary Structure 4 degree
Where a functional protein is composed of TWO OR MORE POLYPEPTIDES THAT FIT TOGETHER IN A SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENT
ex insulin- composed of two polypeptide chains
ex Hemoglobin- composed of 4 polypeptide chains
What is a proteins secondary, tertiary, and quaternary specifically dictated by:
Its primary sequence. they are very shape specific and therefore have very specific functions
How can a protein’s shape be denatured
COAGULATION-by gently heating, changed in Ph or certain chemical treatments. Once denatured beyond repair the protein loses all of its function.
20 amino acids
9 essential we must eat
11 non-essential we make
Nucleic acids
informal macromolecules that store hereditary information
Only molecules in existence that can produce identical copies of themselves
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the stored information in its digital code made up of the nitrogenous bases of;
ADENINE , THYMIN GUANINE CYTOSINE
RNA
ribonucleic acid, is made of DNA and is involved in protein synthesis
What are the differences between RNA and DNA
- Dna is double strand - double helix, Rna is single stranded single helix
- Dna uses deoxyribose sugar, Rna uses ribose sugar
- Dna uses thymine as a nitrogen base Rna uses Uracil instead of thymine as a nitrogen base
