Nucleic Acids and Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 3 components of DNA and RNA
A phosphate Group
A nitrogenous base
Pentose Sugar
What are the main functions of nucleotides?
-They form the monomers of DNA and RNA
-They can be coenzymes in photosynthesis (NADP) and respiration (NAD, FAD)
-They can become phosphorylated (ADP, ATP) and used in most energy related processes
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
-The pentose sugar in DNA is Deoxyribose which has 4 oxygen atoms and in RNA it is ribose which has 5
-DNA is double stranded RNA is single
-DNA has the bases Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine and Adenine, RNA has Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil
What are the three forms of RNA?
Messenger (M)
RIbosomal (R)
Transfer (T)
What are the pyramidines?
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
What are the purines?
Guanine and Adenine
How many hydrogen bonds do each of the base pairs make?
Adenine and Thymine- 2
Adenine and Uracil- 2
Guanine and Cytosine- 3
Which atoms become delta positive and which become delta negative? And why?
Delta positive- Hydrogen because it has a more exposed proton
Delta negative- Nitrogen and Oxygen because they have an unbonded pair of electrons
What is a Hydrogen bond?
A weak force of attraction between a delta positive Hydrogen atom and a delta negative Nitrogen or Oxygen atom
What is a gene?
A specific length of dna which codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide/protein.
What DNA strand does RNA polymerase attach to ?
Template/Anti-sense strand
What DNA strand does RNA polymerase attach to ?
Template/Anti-sense strand
Where are ribosomes made ?
Nucleolus
Where are ribosomes made ?
Nucleolus
What happens to the length of mRNA produced during transcription ?
It leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores, travels through the cytoplasm to a ribosome
