Nucleic Acids Flashcards
1
Q
Hershey and Chase
A
DNA carries genetic info (radiolabelling)
2
Q
DNA strands
A
Antiparallel and complementary
3
Q
Meselson and Stahl
A
Semi-conservation DNA replication
4
Q
Types of mutation (2)
A
Spontaneous or mutagen induced
5
Q
DNA repair
A
- Excision repair proteins cut
- DNA polymerase 1 replaces DNA
- Ligase seals
6
Q
Number of bases
A
6 million
7
Q
Number of genes
A
19,000
8
Q
Polymorphism
A
Mutation in >1% of population
9
Q
DNA replication
A
- Helicases unwind at replication fork
- Binding proteins stabilise DNA
- Short RNA synthesised by DNA primer
- DNA polymerase 3 elongates the strand 5’ -> 3’
10
Q
Transcription
A
- RNA polymerase 2 binds to initiation site on promotor region
- Transcription factor bind to TATA box, allowing RNA polymerase to also bind
- RNA grows 5’ -> 3’
- Disloges when termination sequence reached
11
Q
Genome sequencing
A
- Short sections cloned and hybridised to primer
- Synthesis 5’ -> 3’ with complementary dNTPs
- Continues until ddNTP inserted at 3’ (no OH)
12
Q
Single nucleotide polymorphism
A
Disease risk
13
Q
Eukaryotic ribosomes
A
Large, rRNA has 4 strands
14
Q
Prokaryotic ribosomes
A
Small, rRNA has 3 strands
15
Q
Biological cancer agents
A
Hepatitis B (liver), H pylori (stomach) and HPV (cervical)
