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Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

DNA carries genetic info (radiolabelling)

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2
Q

DNA strands

A

Antiparallel and complementary

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3
Q

Meselson and Stahl

A

Semi-conservation DNA replication

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4
Q

Types of mutation (2)

A

Spontaneous or mutagen induced

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5
Q

DNA repair

A
  1. Excision repair proteins cut
  2. DNA polymerase 1 replaces DNA
  3. Ligase seals
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6
Q

Number of bases

A

6 million

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7
Q

Number of genes

A

19,000

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8
Q

Polymorphism

A

Mutation in >1% of population

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9
Q

DNA replication

A
  1. Helicases unwind at replication fork
  2. Binding proteins stabilise DNA
  3. Short RNA synthesised by DNA primer
  4. DNA polymerase 3 elongates the strand 5’ -> 3’
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10
Q

Transcription

A
  1. RNA polymerase 2 binds to initiation site on promotor region
  2. Transcription factor bind to TATA box, allowing RNA polymerase to also bind
  3. RNA grows 5’ -> 3’
  4. Disloges when termination sequence reached
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11
Q

Genome sequencing

A
  1. Short sections cloned and hybridised to primer
  2. Synthesis 5’ -> 3’ with complementary dNTPs
  3. Continues until ddNTP inserted at 3’ (no OH)
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12
Q

Single nucleotide polymorphism

A

Disease risk

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13
Q

Eukaryotic ribosomes

A

Large, rRNA has 4 strands

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14
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes

A

Small, rRNA has 3 strands

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15
Q

Biological cancer agents

A

Hepatitis B (liver), H pylori (stomach) and HPV (cervical)

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16
Q

Chemical cancer agents

A

Smoke (lung), hertocyclic amines (colon), alfatoxin (liver)

17
Q

Physical cancer agents

A

UV (skin), radiotherapy (leukaemia)

18
Q

Lagging strand

A

RNA primase lays down RNA primer, Okazaki strands added, ligase to seal

19
Q

Translation

A
  1. tRNA synthase attaches aa to tRNA
  2. AUG initiating codon recognised
  3. mRNA binds to tRNA at A site
  4. Next tRNA in P site, and ribosome forms peptide bond
20
Q

Stop codons

A

UUA, UAG or UGA

IMS (4 decks)

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