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BIOCHEM (FINALS) > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

is an UNBRANCHED POLYMER containing monomer units called nucleotides

A

Nucleic Acid

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2
Q

is a THREE-SUBUNIT molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base

A

Nucleotide

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3
Q

types of Purine

A

Adenine & Guanine

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4
Q

Types of Pyrimidine

A

Thymine, Cytosine & Uracil

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5
Q

Is a TWO-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to a nitrogen containing heterocyclic base

A

Nucleoside

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6
Q

Is a nucleotide POLYMER in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, & URACIL

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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7
Q

Is a nucleotide POLYMER in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, & THYMINE

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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8
Q

is the sequence in which nucleotides are linked together in a nucleic acid

A

Primary nucleic acid structure

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9
Q

Are pairs of BASE in a nucleic acid structure that hydrogen-bond to each other

A

Complimentary bases

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10
Q

Are STRANDS of DNA in double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complimentary base

A

Complimentary DNA strands

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11
Q

Is the biochemical process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

A

DNA replication

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12
Q

is RNA formed directly by DNA transcription

A

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

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13
Q

Is RNA that CARRIES INSTRUCTIONS for protein synthesis

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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14
Q

Is RNA that FACILITATES THE CONVERTION of heterogeneous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

A

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

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15
Q

Is RNA that COMBINES WITH SPECIFIC PROTEINS to form RIBOSOMES, physical sites for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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16
Q

IS RNA that DELIVERS AMINO ACIDS to the sites for protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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17
Q

Is a structure that consist if an INDIVIDUAL DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins

A

Chromosome

18
Q

two kinds of nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA

19
Q

metho for rapidly producing many COPIES of a DNA sequence

A

Polymerase chain reaction

20
Q

Is the PROCESSby which DNA DIRECTS the synthesis of hnRNA|mRNA| molecules that carry the coded information needed for protein synthesis

A

Transcription

21
Q

Is ALL of the genetic material (the total DNA ) contained in the chromosomes of an organism

A

Genome

22
Q

Is a GENE SEGMENT that CONVEYS information

A

Exon

23
Q

Is a GENE SEGEMENT that DOES NOT CONVEY genetic information

A

Intron

24
Q

Is process of REMOVING introns from hnRNA molecule and JOINING remaining exons together to form an MRNA molecule

A

Spilicing

25
Q

is a COMPLEX formed from an snRNA molecule and several proteins

A

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein

26
Q

is a LARGE ASSEMBLY of snRNA molecules and proteins involved in the converstion of hnRNA molecules to mRNA molecules

A

Spliceosome

27
Q

is a process by which SEVERAL DIFFERENT PROTEINS that are variations of a basic structural motif can be produced from a single gene

A

Alternative splicing

28
Q

is the assignment of the 64 mRNA codons to specific amino acids

A

Genetic code

29
Q

is the process by which mRNA codons are DECIPHERED and a particular protein molecule is synthesize

A

Translation

30
Q

is an rRNA-protein complex that serves as a SITE FOR THE TRANSLATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

Ribosome

31
Q

is PART OF TRANSLATION in which a ribosome moves down an mRNA molecule three base positions (one codon) so that a new codon occupy the ribosomal A site

A

Translocation

32
Q

is an error in BASE SEQUENCE in a gene that is reproduced during DNA replication

A

Mutation

33
Q

is a mutation in which ONE BASE in a DNA base sequence is replaced with another base

A

Point mutation

34
Q

is a mutation that INSERTS OR DELETES A BASE in a DNA molecule base sequence

A

Frameshift mutation

35
Q

is a SUBSTANCE OR AGENT that causes a change in the structure of a gene

A

mutagen

36
Q

is a small particles that contains DNA or RNA (but not both) surrounded by a coat of protein that CANNOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT A HOST CELL

A

Virus

37
Q

Is a preparation containing a INACTIVE or WEAKENED FORM OF A VIRUS OR BACTERIUM

A

Vaccine

38
Q

is the process whereby an organism is INTENTIONALLY CHANGED at the molecular level so that it exhibits a different trait

A

Genetic engineering

39
Q

is DNA that contains genetic material from TWO ORGANISMS

A

Recombinant DNA

40
Q

is the process of INCORPORATING RECOMBINANT DNA INTO A HOST CELL

A

Transformation

BIOCHEM (FINALS) (5 decks)

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