NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 1

is a polymer in which the
monomer units are nucleotides

Answer 1

Nucleic acids

Question 2

is a three-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

Uracil what derivatives

Answer 3

4-amino-2-oxo derivative

Question 4

Thymine what derivatives

Answer 4

5-methyl-2,4-dioxo derivative

Question 5

Cytosine what derivatives

Answer 5

2,4-dioxo derivative of pyrimidine.

Question 6

guanine what derivatives

Answer 6

2-amino-6-oxo purine

Question 6

Adenine what derivatives

Answer 6

6-amino derivative of purine

Question 7

ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil.

Answer 7

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 7

The alternating sugar–phosphate chain in a nucleic acid structure is often

Answer 7

nucleic acid backbone

Question 8

are strands of DNA in a double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complementary base.

Answer 8

Complementary DNA strands

Question 8

nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 9

is the sequence in which nucleotides are linked together in a nucleic acid

Answer 9

Primary nucleic acid structure

Question 10

are pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen-bond to each other

Answer 10

Complementary bases

Question 11

is the biochemical process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

is an individual DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins

Answer 12

Chromosome

Question 12

is RNA formed directly by DNA transcription.

Answer 12

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA

Question 13

is RNA that carries instructions for protein synthesis genetic information) to the sites for protein synthesis

Answer 13

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 14

is RNA that facilitates the conversion of heterogeneous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA.

Answer 14

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 15

is RNA that combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes, the physical sites for protein synthesis.

Answer 15

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA

Question 16

s RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis

Answer 16

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of hnRNA/mRNA molecules
that carry the coded information needed for protein synthesis

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

is all of the genetic material (the total DNA) contained in the chromosomes of an organism

Answer 18

genome

Question 19

is a gene segment that conveys (codes for) genetic information

Answer 19

exon

Question 20

is all of the mRNA molecules that can be generated from the genetic material in a genome

Answer 20

transcriptome

Question 21

is a large assembly of snRNA molecules and proteins involved in the conversion of hnRNA molecules to mRNA molecules

Answer 21

spliceosome

Question 21

is a gene segment that does not convey (code for) genetic information

Answer 21

Introns

Question 22

is the process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining the remaining exons together to form an mRNA molecule

Answer 22

Splicing

Question 23

is a process by which several different proteins that are variations of a basic structural motif can be produced from a single gene

Answer 23

Alternative splicing

Question 23

is a three-nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 23

codon

Question 24

is the assignment of the 64 mRNA codons to specific amino acids (or stop signals)

Question 25

is a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule.

Answer 25

anticodon