Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What shape is DNA?
A double helix.
A nucleotide is made up of?
- Phosphate
- (Pentose) Sugar
- Base
What sugar is in a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose.
What sugar is in a RNA nucleotide?
Ribose.
What bases can be in a DNA nucleotide?
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
What bases can be in a RNA nucleotide?
- Adenine
- Uracil
- Guanine
- Cytosine
DNA can be referred to as having antiparallel strands - what does this mean?
The two strands run in opposite directions to eachother.
How are two strands of DNA held together?
- By hydrogen bonds between the bases.
- Between A and T is a double bond.
- Between C and G is a triple bond.
Deoxyribose sugars are held together by what bond?
Phosphodiester bonds.
Three bases codes for one amino acid. What are these known as?
Triplet / Codon
The universal code is referred to as degenerative. Why?
Because there are 64 codons and only 20 amino acids. This means there are multiple codons for each amino acid.
What is a genome?
An organism’s complete set of DNA, including all genes. It contains all the information needed to build and maintain that organism. In humans, a copy of the genome is contained in all cells that have a nucleus.
What is a proteome?
All the proteins which can be produced by a cell’s genome.
What is a histone?
A protein DNA is wrapped around.
What is histone?
The combination of DNA and histones where DNA is coiled twice around 8 histones.
