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a level biology exam style questions > nucleic acids > Flashcards

nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

explain how pairing of nitrogenous basesd allows identical copies of DNA to be made (3)

A
  • adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs wit guanine because of H bonding
  • purine can only bind wth pyramidine because they are diff sizes
  • 2 H bonds between A and T and 3 between C and G
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2
Q

why is DNA described as a macromolecule ?

A
  • a molecule of DNA is very large
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3
Q

why is DNA described as a polynucleotide

A
  • polymer made of mady nucleotides
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4
Q

explain how nucleotides are important to cell metabolism other tan being part of nucleic acids (4)

A
  • ATP is a phosphorolated nucleotide in all energy requiring metabollic reactions
  • coenzymes all contain nucleotides
  • many metabolic processed requaire these coenzymes
  • ATP, ADP and AMP help regulate many metabolic pathways
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5
Q

a length of DNA was analysed and 23% of nucleotide bases were adenine. what % of bases were cytosine ? (3)

A

23% A = 23% T
= 54% C+G
= 27% C

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6
Q

how can simple nucleotide units combine to store genetic info (3)

A
  • nucleotides stored in a specific sequance
  • used by cell;ular machinery
  • to code for AA’s that make proteins
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7
Q

Is only DNA or only RNA or both, DNA and RNA found in the nucleus and cytoplasm? (1)

A

Only RNA

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8
Q

Suggest now info obtained by DNA analysis can be useful to taxonomists (2)

A
  1. Compare with DNA
  2. Decide which group organism fits in
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9
Q

Explain why the mRNA molecule is shorter than a DNA molecule (2)

A
  • Only copies 1 section of DNA
  • DNA compromises many genes
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10
Q

Explain how amanitin stops the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex during RNA production (2)

A

• Non complementary inhibitor
• inhibitor fits into all ostrich site

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11
Q

Suggest now AMA nit in may lead to death of an organism (2)

A

• Inhibits production of mRNA
• prevents protein synthesis

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12
Q

When proteins are heated to a high temp their tertiary structure is disrupted.
Explain now this occurs (3)

A

• Bonds are overcome + broken
- change un 3D shape of protein
Denatures

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13
Q

Suggest 2 characteristics that researchers should look for when choosing an organism for research into now genes control development (2)

A

• small
• cheap

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14
Q

Name type of gene, which if mutated gives rise to dramatic changes in body plan (I)

A

Homeotic

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15
Q

Nice are used by scientists to find out how genes control development in animals,includinghumans. Suggest why info gained from studying such model organisms can be applied to humans. (2)

A

• Similar genes
- shared ancestor

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16
Q

True or false. Covalent bonds form between phosphate of one and pento se nucleotide sugar of the next nucleotide (1)

A

True

17
Q

Describe now the information coded on genes is used to synthesise poly peptides and how these polypeptides control physical development of an organism (8)

A
  • transcription
  • complementary base pairing
  • translation
    . tRNA caries AA’s to ribosomes
    • roles of polypeptides: structural
  • enzymes
    •Hormones
    • receptor proteins
18
Q

Explain the use of the 44 remaining amino acid combinations (2)

A
  • Several triplets code for 1 aa
    Mutation may not result in change of aa
19
Q

Fill the gap
The molecule that cables a gene and carries information to a… Is called RNA

A

Ribosome

20
Q

Explain why DNA replication is considered to besemi Conservative (2)

A

• 1 strand from original DNA and one strand newly formed
. One strand acts as a template

21
Q

Explain why complementary base pairing is important in DNA replication (3)

A
  • DNA can be replicated without error
  • Reduces occurrence of mutation
  • allows reformation of H bonds
22
Q

Describe the structural relationship between deoxyribose and other components of the DNA molecule (3)

A
  • bonded to nitrogenous base and phosphate group
  • part of backbone of DNA
  • part of nucleotide
23
Q

Suggest how changing sequence of nucleotides can affect final product DNA codes for (3)

A

• Different sequence of amino acids.
• different protein
• different function

24
Q

Explain now the structure of DNA allows replication (5)

A
  • Double stranded
    • both strands act astemplate
    • h-bonds easily break between bases
    • complementary base pairing
    • purine only binds to pyramiding

a level biology exam style questions (4 decks)

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