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Molecular Medicine > Nucleic Acid Structure > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Structure Flashcards

1
Q 
The type of RNA required to bring amino acids to site of protein synthesis?
A. Micro rna
B. mRNA
C. rRNA 
D. tRNA
A

D

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2
Q

Nucleic acids are composed of ____ and _____________ backbone.

A

Bases and sugar phosphate backbone

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3
Q

DNA is _____ stranded and carries information in cell and ______ generations.

A

Double. Between generations.

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4
Q

DNA has a _________ helix structure.

A

Double
(-) phosphate backbone on outside.
Bases are stacked.

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5
Q

Denaturation of DNA disrupts _______ bonding, produces _______ strands.

A

Hydrogen. Single strands.

  • DNA strands only separate. RNA only degraded.
  • imp for hybridization, will still have template strand.
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6
Q

_______ and _________ conditions can denature DNA

A

Heat and highly basic conditions

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7
Q

________ are important to chromatin structure.

A

Histones

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8
Q

DNA in the nucleus is bound to ________

A

Histones

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9
Q

Adenine and thymine are joined by ______ double bond. Guanine and cytosine are joined by ____ double bonds

A

1, 2

GC more stable. More h bonding.

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10
Q

RNA replaces thymine with _____ and deoxyribose with ______

A

Uracil and ribose

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11
Q

Retroviruses can copy RNA to DNA with _____________. Which violates the central dogma.

A

Reverse transcriptase enzyme.

RNA -> DNA within host

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12
Q

_____ is important in the flow of information from DNA-> RNA -> protein.

A

tRNA

  • has a cloverleaf shape.
  • one loop has anticodon, complementary to Coding sequence for one amino acid in mRNA
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13
Q

_____ are site of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

Not all of mRNA codes for ______. Only coding region is translated.

A

Protein

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15
Q

The _____ loops of RNA are important for enzymes to bind to. It can fold back on itself.

A

Irregular

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16
Q

RNA is generally ______ stranded.

A

Single

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17
Q

_______ rna is the structural and functional components of ribosomes. Majority of rna in most cells.

A

RRna

18
Q

______ rna carries protein coding sequence. “What’s transcribed”

A

mRNA

19
Q

_____ rna matches amino acid with codon. “Translation”.

A

tRNA

20
Q

How RNA is different from DNA

A
  • single stranded
  • ribose sugar (instead of deoxyribose)
  • U instead of T binds to A (difference is 1 methyl group)
21
Q

5- fluorouracil only works in proliferating cells
A. True
B. False

A

A

s phase

22
Q

5-fluorouracil stops ___________. Acts as a suicide inhibitor.

A

DNA synthesis.

23
Q

A lot of drugs like to imitate the base______

A

Thymine

24
Q

Nucleosomes are best described by which of the following?
A. Subunits of chromatin
B. DNA protein structures that contain histones in the core with DNA wrapped around the surface of the core.
C. Complexes of protein and the 45S rRNA precursors found in the nucleoli
D. Complexes of DNA and newly transcribed rna.
e. Single ribosomes attached to mRNA

A

B

25
Q

_____ binds to DNA between nucleosomes

A

H1

* what makes it special. All but this one are found together in nucleosomes. “Beads” on the string

26
Q

_____ is DNA + various proteins

A

Chromatin
“Beads on a string”
(-)
Supercoiled. DNA wrapped around

27
Q

_____ are highly basic proteins with a high percentage of lysine and arginine. (+)
Interact with charge on _________ backbone.

A

Histones. Sugar phosphate.

28
Q

________ DNA is the most common helix

A

B.
Right handed helix - turns clockwise.
By Watson and crick

29
Q

Zidovudine is a _________ Analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (NRTI)

A

Nucleoside
Structurally identical to thymidine.
Once incorporated into DNA chain, halts DNA synthesis.

30
Q

DNA synthesis requires a free ________ OH group?

A

3’

31
Q

For DNA sequence 5’-ATCGATCGAT-3’, what is the sequence and polarity of the complementary strand?

A

3’-ATCGATCGAT-5’

32
Q

______ pair denatures at lower temperature than G-C paid

A

A-T. Has less bonding so not as strong.

33
Q

DNA strands are __________ and synthesized from a _______ to _____ direction.

A

Antiparallel.

5’ to 3’

34
Q

The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of which of the following?

A

Phosphates and sugars

35
Q

Deoxyribose is a derivative of ______ and lacks a _____ group on C2

A

Ribose. -OH

36
Q

DNA nucleotides are composed of :
1.
2.
3.

A

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

37
Q

PURe As Gold

A

Purines. A and G

2 rings

38
Q

CUT the Pie

A

Pyrimidines. C, u, T

39
Q

Nucleosides are ______ + _____

A

Base + sugar. N- glycosidic bond.

40
Q

Nucleotides are _______ + _________

A

Nucleoside + phosphate.

Molecular Medicine (2 decks)

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