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Biology topic 6: Genetics > Nucleic acid > Flashcards

Nucleic acid Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nucleic acid?

A

a chain of repeating nucleotides

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2
Q

what are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

RNA
DNA

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3
Q

How does the shape of DNA and RNA differ?

A

DNA: double helix
RNA: many shapes

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4
Q

how does the sugar differ between DNA + RNA?

A

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

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5
Q

Which one is the permanent genetic material RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

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6
Q

How do the number of strands differ between RNA and DNA?

A

DNA: double
RNA: single

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7
Q

What two bases are different between RNA and DNA?

A

DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil

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8
Q

The two strands of DNA run ………-……………. to each other.

A

anti-parallel

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9
Q

What does it mean when DNA strands run anti-parallel to each other?

A

one runs 5’ to 3’ directionality and the other 3’ to 5’

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10
Q

what type of bonding is between base pairs in DNA?

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

what are tandem repeats?

A

sequences in the DNA that are repeated multiple times.

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12
Q

How do tandem repeats present in different people?

A

different lengths for everybody

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13
Q

What are the steps of DNA profiling?

A
  1. DNA is extracted from a sample
  2. specific tandem repeat areas are amplified using PCR
  3. amplified fragments are separated by size
  4. results are compared to other sample
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14
Q

Describe the hershey-chase experiment

A
  1. bacteriophages were labelled with radioactive sulfur for proteins and phosphorus for DNA
  2. phagfes were allowed to infect bacteria
  3. Phosphorus was found in the bacteria
  4. therefore DNA is the main genetic material
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15
Q

In what structure is DNA packaged into?

A

nucleosomes

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16
Q

What is the structure of nucleosomes?

A
  • DNA wraps around core made up of 8 histones
  • nucleosomes are joined by linker DNA
  • nucleosomes are stacked on top of each other creating chromosomes.
17
Q

What was chargaff’s findings?

A

amount of A=T and G=C

18
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between A=T?

A

2

19
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between G=C?

A

3

20
Q

which bases are purines?

A

A + G

21
Q

Which bases are pyrimidines?

A

T + C + U

22
Q

What are the benefits of complementary base pairings between purines and pyrimidines?

A

ensures distance between the two strands are always consistent –> stable

23
Q

What is the structure of nucleic acid?

A
  • 1 phosphate
  • 1 pentose
  • nitrogeneous base
24
Q

What are purines?

A

bases with two rings

25
Q

What are pyrimidines?

A

bases with three rings

Biology topic 6: Genetics (4 decks)

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