nuclear physics and radioactivity

Question 1

Nucleons is the term to describe protons and electrons

Answer 1

false (describes neutron and protons)

Question 2

An isotope has the same number of nucleons, but different number of protons

Answer 2

false (same number of protons, different number of neutrons)

Question 3

The strong nuclear force acts between protons and electrons

Answer 3

false (between nucleons (protons, protons; protons, neutrons; neutrons, neutrons))

Question 4

The mass of a nucleus is less than that of its constituents

Answer 4

true

Question 5

An isotope of carbon must have 6 protons

Answer 5

true

Question 6

The electron volt is a unit of measurement for potential difference (voltage)

Answer 6

false (measures energy)

Question 7

Any nuclear reaction must have a conservation of charge

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Any nuclear reaction must have a conservation of momentum

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Any nuclear reaction must have a conservation of mass

Answer 9

false (must conserve mass/energy but the two can be converted)

Question 10

Any nuclear reaction must have a conservation of nucleons

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Any nuclear reaction must have a conservation of protons

Answer 11

false (beta decay involves either truing a neutron into a proton or vice versa)

Question 12

An unstable nucleus with more than 83 protons will tend to experience alpha decay

Answer 12

true

Question 13

An alpha particle is a hydrogen nucleus

Answer 13

false (its a helium nucleus)

Question 14

An unstable nucleus with too many protons will experience beta minus decay

Answer 14

false (beta plus decay if it has too many protons)

Question 15

An N versus Z graph will show a perfectly straight line for all atoms

Answer 15

false (straight for first 30 or so, then curved (more neutrons per proton))

Question 16

In a fission reactor, the moderator speeds up neutrons

Answer 16

false (the moderator slows down neutrons so that they can be absorbed the uranium nuclei)

Question 17

Fission involves the combination of two smaller nuclei to make one larger nucleus.

Answer 17

false (that process is fusion. fission involves on nucleus splitting into two smaller nuclei)

Question 18

Leptons are affected by all four of the fundamental forces.

Answer 18

false

Question 19

U-235 is the more abundant uranium isotope

Answer 19

false

Question 20

U-238 is the uranium isotope used in fission reactions.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

What is the formula for F

Answer 21

Gm1 m2/r^2

Question 22

What does g equal

Answer 22

9.8ms^-2

Question 23

Which combination has the closest similarity in mass
J. Protons and Electrons	
K. Protons and Neutrons
L. Neutrons and Electrons	
M. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Answer 23

k

Question 24

Isotopes are chemically identical because they
J. have the same number of protons	
K. have the same number of electrons
L. have the same charge			
M. all of the above

Answer 24

m

Question 25

``` In the equation E = ∆mc2, what does the c represent? J. Charge K. Coulombs L. Carbon M. Speed of Light ```

Answer 25

m

Question 26

``` How many nucleons are in a helium nucleus (alpha particle)? J. 1 K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 ```

Answer 26

m

Question 27

``` The atomic number (Z) represents the number of… J. Protons K. Electrons L. Neutrons M. Nucleons ```

Answer 27

j

Question 28

``` The atomic mass (A) represents the number of… J. Protons K. Electrons L. Neutrons M. Nucleons ```

Answer 28

m

Question 29

``` N represents the number of… J. Protons K. Electrons L. Neutrons M. Nucleons ```

Answer 29

l

Question 30

``` A radioactive sample of 100 nuclei has a half-live of 2 days. In four days, it will have J. 99 nuclei K. 98 nuclei L. 50 nuclei M. 25 nuclei ```

Answer 30

m

Question 31

``` Which of the following types of radiation can pass through wood? J. α K. β+ L. β- M. γ ```

Answer 31

m

Question 32

``` Plotting a graph of remaining radioactive nuclei on the y-axis against number of half-lives on the x-axis will give what kind of straight line J. Increasing Straight Line K. Increasing Exponential L. Decreasing Straight Line M. Decreasing Exponential ```

Answer 32

m

Question 33

``` A nucleus of 78 nucleons with too many protons will undergo which type of decay? J. α K. β+ L. β- M. γ ```

Answer 33

k

Question 34

``` A nucleus of 88 nucleons with too many neutrons will undergo which type of decay? J. α K. β+ L. β- M. γ ```

Answer 34

l

Question 35

``` A nucleus of 94 protons has too many protons. What type of decay will it undergo? J. α K. β+ L. β- M. γ ```

Answer 35

j

Question 36

``` A radioactive sample has a half-life of 15 days. If the original sample is 150 grams, how long will it take to reach 18.75 grams J. 15 days K. 30 days L. 45 days M. 1 day ```

Answer 36

l

Question 37

``` Two measurements of a sample were taken, one year apart. The first reading was 20 Bq and the second was 0.625 Bq. What is the half-life of the sample? J. 73 days K. 80 days L. 3 months M. 1 year ```

Answer 37

j

Question 38

``` Which of the following is not an example of a boson? J. Graviton K. Baryon L. Photon M. Gluon ```

Answer 38

k

Question 39

``` PET scans involve the use of J. Alpha Decay K. Beta Plus Decay L. Beta Minus Decay M. Gamma Decay ```

Answer 39

k

Question 40

``` Which of the following statements about coincidence lines is false? J. They are produced by annihilation K. They travel at 90o to each other L. They are used in PET scans M. They are two gamma rays ```

Answer 40

k

Question 41

``` A baryon is made of how many quarks? J. 6 K. 5 L. 4 M. 3 ```

Answer 41

m

Question 42

What does A Z and N stand for

Answer 42

Z- protons A- atomic mass (number of nucleons) N- neutrons

Question 43

Z-N= ? | A-Z=?

Answer 43

A | N

Question 44

What are the four fundamental forces and the gauge boson for each.

Answer 44

electromagnetic- photon gravitational- gravitation strong nuclear- Gluon Weak Nuclear- W and Z Bosons