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SRS Study Cards > Nuclear Physics > Flashcards

Nuclear Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Work

A

a force acting through a distance

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2
Q

force

A

any action on an object that can cause the object to change speed or direction

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3
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

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4
Q

5 forms of energy

A

Kinetic Energy (KE)
Potential Energy (PE)
Thermal Energy (TE)
Chemical Energy (CE)
Electrical Energy (EE)

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5
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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6
Q

Solid, Liquid, Gas (vapor)

A

3 phases of matter

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7
Q

anything that takes up space and has a charge

A

mass

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8
Q

positively charged (+)
1.00727 amu
at the nucleus
the number of ______ determines the element

A

protons

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9
Q

neutrally charged (0)
1.00866 amu
at the nucleus
determines the isotope of an element

A

neutrons

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10
Q

negatively charged (-)
0.000548 amu
makes up the cloud/rings/volume
the outer most shell determines the chemical behavior or properties of an atom

A

electron

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11
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons

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12
Q

mass

A

the number of protons plus neutrons

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13
Q

Nuclide Notation:
X
Z
A

A

x = symbol for element
z = atomic number: number of protons
A = Mass number: number of protons (Z) plus number of neutrons (N)

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14
Q

periods

A

rows on the periodic table that tells us how many energy shells

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15
Q

groups

A

columns that tells us the number of valence electrons and how the element will be have chemically and have similar chemical properties

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16
Q

only has two electrons

A

k-shell

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17
Q

neutrons and protons

constituent particle of the atomic nucleus

A

nucleon

18
Q

atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus, which is specified by a combination of protons and neutrons

A

Nuclide

19
Q

nuclides which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotope

20
Q

nuclides which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

21
Q

E = mc^2

A

Mass-Energy Equivalence Formula

22
Q

mass and energy are interchangeable

A

Mass-Energy Equivalence Formula

23
Q

Pair Annihilation

A

where a positron and an negatron collide and are transformed into two photons of electromagnetic energy 0.511MeV

24
Q

mass defect

A

total mass of the atom is less than the sum of the masses of the individual protons and neutrons

25
Q

binding energy

A

the energy equivalent of mass defect

26
Q

if the total binding energy of a nucleus is divided by the total number of nucleons in the nucleus

A
27
Q

very weak attractive force between all nucleons

relatively long range

A

gravitational force

28
Q

strong repulsive force between like particles (protons)

relatively long range

A

electrostatic force

29
Q

strong attractive force between all nucleons

extremely short range

A

nuclear force

30
Q

When an atom is radioactive it will change its nuclear configuration by eliminating surplus nucleons through transformations. This is done by changing neutrons to protons, or vice versa, and then ejecting the surplus mass or energy from the nucleus.

A

Radiation

31
Q

the property of certain nuclides to spontaneously emit radiation

A

radioactivity

32
Q

radioactive decay

A

process by which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates (or is transformed) by one or more discrete energy steps until a stable state is reached

33
Q

parent

A

the nucleus before the decay

34
Q

daughter

A

the nucleus after the decay

35
Q

decay chain

A

the various steps from parent to daughter are traced to stability, a series of transmutations is seen

a complete chain includes the original parent, all of its daughters, and the final stable, end-product

36
Q

when the parent activity equals the daughter activity at the same time

A

radioactive equilibrium

37
Q

a nucleus in an excited state (higher energy level) but has the same atomic number and mass number

A

isomer

38
Q

isomeric transition

A

occurs immediately after particle emission; however the nucleus may remain in an excited state for a measurable period of time before dropping to the ground state at its own characteristic rate

39
Q

curie

A

a unit of radioactivity, corresponding to 3.7x 10^10 dps (disintegration per second) 2.22 x 10^12 dpm (disintegration per minute)

40
Q
A

SRS Study Cards (3 decks)

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