Nuclear Physics, Flashcards
What is a Nuclide
Nucleus of an isotope
What does the top left number of an element represent
The Atomic mass
What type of particle determines the element
The number of protons
What is Coulomb Force
The force which push’s protons and neutrons away from each other if charges not equal
Define an isotope
An element with a different number of neutrons to the original element atom
How do you know if an atom is radioactive
If the number of proton or neutron changes overtime, or it has excess energy
What is the strong force
The force which pulls proton and neutrons together
What does the atomic number determine
The charge of the nucleus
What is transmutation
Making a new element by changing number of protons
T or F: the Atomic number determines the number of protons
False, it determines the charge of an element
What is emitted in Alpha Decay
An alpha particle
What is another term for an alpha particle
A Helium particle
What is emitted in Beta Decay
Electron or positron
What is emitted in Gamma decay
Energy
Which type of nuclear decay is the heavist
Alpha
What is the mass of gamma radiation
No Mass
Which type of nuclear decay has a negative charge
Beta decay
Which type of nuclear decay is the slowest
Alpha decay
What is the speed of gamma decay
Light speed
Which type of nuclear decay has the most ionising power
Alpha DECAY
Which type of nuclear decay has medium penetration ability
Beta Decay
Where is the electron/positron emitted from during Beta decay
The nucleus
What happens during positive beta decay
A proton transforms into a neutron, releasing a positron
What happens during negative beta decay
A neutron transforms into a proton, releasing an electron
T or F: An electron is emitted from its valence shell during beta decay
False, released from the nucleus
Why does Alpha decay happen
Because the nucleus is too large to be stable
What type of nuclear decay generally happens after another nuclear decay
Gamma decay
What does 1 eV do
Moves 1 electron through 1 volt
What is artificial transmutation
Artificially adding an alpha particle into a nucleus to break it into 2 smaller nucleus and protons
What does this equation represent: Uranium-238 ➡ He + Thorium-234
Alpha decay
What does this equation represent: He + N ➡ O + H
Artificial Transmutation
What is another term for Artificial Transmutation
Fusion
What is Einstein’s equation of energy-mass equivilance
E = M*C^2
What is the equation for mass deficiency
△m = mass nucleus - (mass protons + neutrons)
What is the equation for change in mass with a negative beta decay
△m = mass parent - mass daughter
What is the equation for change in mass with a positive beta decay
△m = mass parent - (mass daughter + 2 electrons)
