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RA6007 Advanced Medical Radiation Science > Nuclear Medicine > Flashcards

Nuclear Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main radionuclide used in Nuclear Medicine?

A

(Metastable) Technetium (Tc)

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2
Q

What produces Tc in the nuclear medicine department?

A

A generator made from parent atom Molybdenum (Mb)

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3
Q

what process is involved in Tc production

A

isomeric transition

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4
Q

what is isomeric transition?

A

the production of a gamma ray without any change in atomic mass or number

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5
Q

What does the generator consist of?

A

the generator is a lead lined container with the parent radionuclide

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6
Q

What is the eluate from a Technetium generator called?

A

Sodium
pertechnetate

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7
Q

how is the carrier free daughter eluted from the generator?

A

this is done by passing a solvent like saline over the column

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8
Q

what are some advantages of using Tc in Nuclear Medicine?

A

6hr half life
pure gamma emitter
easy to shield
combines well with other chemicals used in bone scans and renal imaging
non-toxic

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9
Q

How long does a typical generator last?

A

1 week

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10
Q

Technetium decays with the emission of…

A

a 140 kEv gamma
ray

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11
Q

What is Molybdenum breakthrough?

A

When tiny amounts of Molybdenum are contained in the solution of sodium pertechnetate

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12
Q

How is Mo breakthrough measured?

A

Comparing eluate activity with and without Pb shielding

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13
Q

What imaging device is used in Nuclear Medicine?

A

Gamma camera

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14
Q

What is the gamma camera combined with?

A

a Collimator

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the collimator on the gamma camera?

A

to establish a relationship
between the distribution of isotope in the patient and the
position at which gamma rays are detected in the crystal

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16
Q

What is the gamma camera made of?

A

sodium iodide doped with thalium

17
Q

What effect does crystal thickness have on detector efficiency and spatial resolution?

A

The thicker the crystal, greater detector efficiency but lower spatial resolution

18
Q

The amplitude of the signal detected in the PM tube is proportional to what?

A

The amplitude of the signal detected is proportional to the amount of light emitted

19
Q

The light emitted is proportional to what?

A

The light emitted is proportional to the energy of the gamma ray

20
Q

What is the Z pulse?

A

the summation of the PM tube outputs provides an energy, which is proportional to the total light produced in the crystal

21
Q

Where does the Z pulse go?

A

to the pulse height analyser (PHA)

22
Q

What is the Pulse Height Analyser?

A

PHA selects the isotope peak

23
Q

What is the Z pulse proportional to?

A

The Z pulse is proportional to the total light output from one scintillation

24
Q

what happens if Z pulse is accepted?

A

the positional circuitry is triggered to locate the gamma ray interaction

25
Q

what is the PHA purpose?

A

choice of photo peak
exclude compton scatter

26
Q

What is the energy spectrum?

A

The number of measured events with a given energy plotted as a function of energy

27
Q

What is the goal of Nuclear Medicine?

A

To map the distribution of radiotracers

28
Q

What renders gamma rays not useful for accurate measurement of radionuclide location?

A

when gamma rays scatter in the body first and change direction

29
Q

What does the collimator design affect?

A

spatial resolution
sensitivity
size of FOV
magnification/minification

30
Q

What does spatial resolution depend on?

A

diameter of holes in the collimator
length of holes
septal thickness
distance of pt from collimator surface
intrinsic resolution of detector

31
Q

What is the point spread function (PSF)?

A

a profile of measured counts as a function of position across a point source

32
Q

What is the modulation transfer function?

A

MTF is one way to more completely characterise the ability of a system to reproduce spatial frequencies

33
Q

How is the MTF calculated?

A

It is calculated as the fourier transform of the PSF or LSF and is a plot of the response of a system to different spatial frequencies

34
Q

What is the relationship between resolution and sensitivity?

A

If resolution is increased by a factor of 2, the sensitivity is decreased by a factor of 4

35
Q

What is the unit of radioactive decay?

A

Becquerel (in NM, we use MBq)

36
Q

what has replaced lung perfusion with technetium

A

CT Pulmonary Angiogram

37
Q

How is Tc predominantly excreted?

A

Urination

38
Q

What is encouraged to lower body dose post NM imaging?

A

Frequent urination/bladder emptying

39
Q
A

RA6007 Advanced Medical Radiation Science (6 decks)

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