Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Nucleans

Answer 1

Protons and Neutrons

Question 2

Nuclide

Answer 2

What an atom is referred to as

Question 3

Mass Defect

Answer 3

the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

Band of Stability

Answer 4

The stable nuclei cluster over a range of neutron-proton ratios is referred to as

Question 5

Nuclear Reaction

Answer 5

Reaction that affects the nucleas of an atom

Question 6

Transmutation

Answer 6

is a change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons.

Question 7

Transuranium elements

Answer 7

are elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei

Question 8

The strong Nuclear Force

Answer 8

is the force that holds the nuclei of atoms together. (Holds the nucleons together.) Acts over Short distances (The nucleons need to touch).

Question 9

Radioactive Decay

Answer 9

is the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both.

Question 10

Nuclear Radiation

Answer 10

is particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay.

Question 11

Alpha Particle

Answer 11

is two protons and two neutrons bound together and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay.

Question 12

beta particle

Answer 12

is an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay.

Question 13

Positron

Answer 13

is a particle that has the same mass as an electron, but has a positive charge, and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay.

Question 14

electron Capture

Answer 14

an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom. The atomic number decreases by one and the mass number stays the same

Question 15

Gamma Rays

Answer 15

are high-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state.

Question 16

Parent Nuclide

Answer 16

The heaviest nuclide of each decay series

Question 17

Daughter Nuclides

Answer 17

The nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclides

Question 18

roentgen ®

Answer 18

is a unit used to measure nuclear radiation exposure; it is equal to the amount of gamma and X ray radiation that produces 2 × 109 ion pairs when it passes through 1 cm3 of dry air. Ionization can damage living tissue.

Question 19

Nuclear Fission

Answer 19

a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass. Enormous amounts of energy are released. The mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. The missing mass is converted to energy.

Question 20

Chain Reaction

Answer 20

is a reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction.

Question 21

Critical Mass

Answer 21

The minimum amount of nuclide that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction

Question 22

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 22

low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus. Nuclear fusion releases even more energy per gram of fuel than nuclear fission.

Question 23

Half Life, t1/2

Answer 23

is the time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay.

Question 24

For atoms of low atomic number, the most stable nuclei have a neutron-proton ratio that is

Answer 24

1:1 or 1.5:1

Question 25

What fraction of a given sample of a radioactivenuclide remains after four half-lives?

Answer 25

1/16

Question 26

When does a decay series end?

Answer 26

When the nuclide becomes stable

Question 27

Describe fusion, and explain how it is used in our sun and other stars.

Answer 27

a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass.
Converts hydrogen to helium
Converts mass to energy

Question 28

Describe fission, and explain how it is used in a nuclear reactor.

Answer 28

low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.
The heat used to heat the water is made from nuclear fission