Nuclear chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What does the stability of a nucleus depend on?

A

on the proton to neutron ratio or balance

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2
Q

How to change unstable nuclei into more stable nuclei.

A

emission of radiation and the release of energy

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3
Q

What are the three types of radiation?

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma.

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4
Q

Whats an alpha

A
  • Slow moving positively charged particle, attracted to the negative plate.
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5
Q

Whats a beta

A
  • Fast moving negatively charged particle, attracted to the positive plate.
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6
Q

Whats a gamma

A

Electromagnetic radiation (travels at the speed of light). No deflection

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7
Q

what does an alpha consist of and how can it be stopped?

A

-comes from the nucleus of a radioactive atom -consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons -has 2+ charge -few cms of air can stop it

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8
Q

what does a beta consist of and how can it be stopped?

A

-is a electron -when a neutron splits up into a proton and an electron. -cant go through thin metal foil.

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9
Q

what does a gamma consist of and how can it be stopped?

A

-come from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. -They are electronegative waves. -stopped by thick lead or concrete

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10
Q

What is radiactive emission?

A

When radiation is discharged from and atom and changes its nature.

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11
Q

What should happen in nucluer equations?

A

-the sum of the atomic number and mass number on each side of the equation should balance.

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12
Q

What are half lifes used for?

A

Measures stability (or rate of decay) of a radioisotope

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13
Q

Halflifes are…

A

Unaffected by-: Change in temperature Use of catalysts Pressure Chemical states

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14
Q

Uses of radiostopes

A

-Cobalt-60(used in medicine to treat cancer) -Iodine-133(Used to treat thyroid gland (in the neck) -carbon-14(used to date once living materials)

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15
Q

Where is carbon -14 found?

A

In every living organism

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16
Q

How is carbon-14 formed?

A

-when neutrons from cosmic radiation collide with nitrogen atoms in our atmosphere

17
Q

How does carbon dating work?

A

-Carbon-14 decays by beta-emission and has a half-life of 5730 years. - beta-decay emissions can be monitored and the data can used to calculate how long it has been since the material was alive

18
Q

What is the nuclei notation of alpha

A
19
Q

What is the nuclei notation of beta

A
20
Q

What us the nuclei notation of gamma

A