Nuclear Chem

Question 1

transmutation

Answer 1

conversion of 1 element to another

Question 2

Why do nucleons stay w/in the nucleus?

Answer 2

strong nuclear force overcomes electrostatic repulsion b/w protons

Question 3

How particles become radioactive:

Answer 3

• as atomic # goes up (protons) on periodic table, more neutrons needed to stabilize (produce strong nuc. force)
• ratio 1.5 n: 1 p
• all elements over 82 radioactive

Question 4

all radioactive nuclei found OUTSIDE of…

Answer 4

band of stability

Question 5

beta decay

Answer 5

• radioisotopes have too many neutrons. stabilizes by converting 1 neutron to a proton (absorbed in nucleus) + electron (emitted beta particle)
• mass DOES NOT CHANGE

Question 6

0 -1 e

Answer 6

beta designation

Question 7

atomic number increases by 1

Answer 7

beta particle

Question 8

same mass and charge of electron

Answer 8

beta particle

Question 9

alpha decay

Answer 9

• spontaneous decay, NO BALANCE
• both protons/neutrons reduced during emission

Question 10

1 0 N → 1 1 H + 0 -1 e

Answer 10

beta EMISSION

Question 11

+2 positive charge

Answer 11

alpha particle

Question 12

2 protons, 2 neutrons =

Answer 12

alpha particle

Question 13

largest radioisotope, can’t get through skin

Answer 13

alpha particle

Question 14

4 2 He

Answer 14

alpha designation

Question 15

decay for low N to P ratios

Answer 15

positron emission + electron capture

Question 16

All radioactive decay purpose:

Answer 16

stability

Question 17

particle w/ same mass + opposite charge of electron

Answer 17

positron

Question 18

positron emission

Answer 18

proton → neutron + positron

Question 19

0 +1 e

Answer 19

positron designation

Question 20

electron capture

Answer 20

1. nucleus of 1 atom draws in surrounding electron
2. electron + proton = neutron

Question 21

atomic # -2, mass decreases 4

Answer 21

alpha decay

Question 22

atomic # +1, no change in mass

Answer 22

beta decay

Question 23

a. atomic # -1, no change in mass

Answer 23

positron decay

Question 24

b. atomic # -1, no change in mass

Answer 24

electron capture

Question 25

no change in atomic # OR mass

Answer 25

gamma emission

Question 26

• energy, not particle. Y designation
• DANGEROUS (wave, gets through almost anything)
• emitted ALONG w/ radioactive particles

Answer 26

gamma

Question 27

nuclear reactor

Answer 27

initiates/controls a sustained nuclear reaction. generates electricity

Question 28

decay rates measured in

Answer 28

half lives

Question 29

half-lives def

Answer 29

time required for 1/2 radioisotope to decay

Question 30

to control nuclear reactions

Answer 30

1. neutron absorption (control rods, like magnets)
2. neutron moderation (heavy water)

Question 31

X ray photon

Answer 31

electron capture designation

Question 32

1 0 N

Answer 32

neutron designation

Question 33

Fission

Answer 33

• atom is split into lighter atoms
• large amount of energy from small mass

Question 34

Fusion

Answer 34

• small atoms fuse into large atom
• super hard to produce reaction on earth

Question 35

fission reactor

Answer 35

1. nuclear reactions produce heat
2. water surrounding reactor boil, turns water into steam
3. steam turns turbine generator