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Inorganic Chemistry > Nuclear > Flashcards

Nuclear Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to particles or photons emitted in nuclear decay

A

Radiation

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2
Q

Any process by which an unstable atom or nucleus spontaneously emits subatomic particles

A

Radioactive decay

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3
Q

Basically a helium nucleus

A

Alpha particle

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4
Q

Commonly found during radioactive decay from heavier nuclide

A

Alpha particle

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5
Q

Net result is to increase the neutron-to-proton ratio

A

Alpha particle

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6
Q

Can be stopped by paper or skin, not an external hazard

A

Alpha particle

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7
Q

Least penetrating and the heaviest

A

Alpha particle

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8
Q

Basically an electron

A

Beta particle

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9
Q

Can be stopped by an aluminum, more of an internal hazard

A

Beta particle

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10
Q

Emitted when the netron-to-proton ratio is higher than the zone of stability

A

Beta particle

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11
Q

Also known as high energy photon

A

Gamma ray

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12
Q
  • an EM radiation emitted by a nucleus in an excited state
  • massless and uncharged
  • usually a by-product of an alpha particle
A

Gamma ray

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13
Q

Can be stopped by lead

A

Gamma Ray

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14
Q

Most penetrating

A

Gamma ray

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15
Q

An antimatter of electron emitted when the neutron-to-proton ratio is lower than the zone of stability

A

Positron

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16
Q
  • usually accompanied by emission of gamma ray or x-ray

- inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus to increase proton ratio

A

Electron capture

17
Q

Can be stopped by concrete

A

Neutron

18
Q

Cannot be accelerated in a particle accelerator

A

Neutron

19
Q

Nucleus breaks into 2 or more fragments

A

Fission Reactions

20
Q

Nuclei fuse to form a bigger nucleus

A

Fusion Reactions

21
Q

High speed projectile chops of a fragment of the nucleus leaving behind a smaller nucleus

A

Spallation Reactions

22
Q

Same atomic number but different mass number

A

Isotopes

23
Q

Same mass number

A

Isobars

24
Q

Same number of neutrons

A

Isotones

25
Q

Same difference of neutron and proton or same isotopic number

A

Isodiaphers

26
Q

Same number of atoms and same number of electrons

A

Isosters

27
Q

Identical atomic and mass number but differing in radioactive decay

A

Isomers

28
Q

Nuclei above the belt of stability undergo

A

Beta emission

29
Q

Nuclei below the belt of stability undergo

A

Positron emission or electron capture

30
Q

Nuclei woth atomic number greater than 83 usually undergo

A

Alpha emission

31
Q

System loses mass

A

Exoergic

32
Q

System gains mass

A

Endoergic

33
Q

True or False

Mass and energy changed in nuclear reactions are much greater than chemical reactions

A

True

34
Q

Is the amount of matter that would be converted into energy if a nucleus were formed from initially separated protons and neutrons

A

Mass defect

35
Q
  • energy released in the formation of an atom from subatomic particles
  • is the amount of energy released when the separate nucleons combine to form nucleus
  • energy required to separate the constituent nucleons completely into free particles
A

Binding energy

36
Q

Number of disintegration per time

A

Activity

37
Q

Activity of 1 g sample of Ra-226

A

Curie

38
Q

Energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit mass of material

A

Absorbed dose

Inorganic Chemistry (6 decks)

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