NTD

Question 1

Caudal NTDs

Answer 1

1. Spina Bifida Occulta
2. Meningocele
3. Myelomeningocele

Question 2

Cranial NTDs

Answer 2

1. Anencephaly
2. Encephalocele - skull vault contents in a separate sac.
3. Iniencephaly - occipital bone defect + cervical vertebral fusion- stargazer position

Question 3

Earliest NTD to be detected in USG

Answer 3

Anencephaly (10-12weeks)

Question 4

Most sensitive marker for NTD

Answer 4

S. AFP

Question 5

Most specific marker for NTD

Answer 5

Acetyl choline esterase level in Amniotic fluid

Question 6

NTD prevention

Answer 6

Periconceptional Folic acid supplement

1. Previous NTD child - 4000ug
2. Normal pregnancy - 400ug

Question 7

NTD associated with Meckel Griber syndrome

Answer 7

Encephalocele

Question 8

Neuronal migration disorders

Answer 8

1. Lissencephaly - smooth brain (agyria)
2. Schizencephaly- split brain
3. Porencephaly- cyst like lesion in brain
4. Agenesis of corpus callosum