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New Testament Survey One > NT Survey Part 1 > Flashcards

NT Survey Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term: Intertestamental History

A

The 400 silent years between the end of the OT and the start of the NT.

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2
Q

Define and describe the term: Septuagint
What is the common symbol used to represent this document?

A
  1. A translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek; LXX
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3
Q

What foreign powers dominated Palestine, with one interruption from the end of the OT Through the end of the NT?

A

First Greece, then the Seleucids, then the Roman Empire

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4
Q

What was the interruption?

A

The Maccabean Period

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5
Q

Briefly describe the Maccabean
Period.

A

A Jewish uprising against the the Seleucid empire. The revolt was led by a priest named Mattathias and his military followers, the Maccabees.

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6
Q

What religious groups formed from the Hasmonean Dynasty?

A

The Pharisees, Sadducees and the Essenes

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7
Q

What was the most positive impact that came from the Pax Romana?

A

Unity and political stability of the Roman Empire which helped the spread of Christianity when it emerged.

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8
Q

What was Herod the Great’s most significant contribution to the Jews?

A

The beautification of the 2nd temple in Jerusalem

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9
Q

Identify the languages used in the time of the NT

A

Latin, Greek, Aramaic and Hebrew

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10
Q

Briefly describe the main road systems in 1st Century Palestine that came into play in the NT

A

Samaria to Capernaum
Gerasa to Damascus
The Southern Coast past Emmaus to Jerusalem

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11
Q

How did the Roman road system lend to the cultural preparation, the coming of Christ and the rise of the Church?

A

Early Christian missionaries used them and the imperial posts carried governmental dispatches over them to carry messages.

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12
Q

Define “publican” and explain why they were hated

A

A tax collector. They often stole from the amounts they collected and were easily bribed by the rich.

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13
Q

Define and describe the term endogamy

A

Type of marriage that occurs between relatives within a community, clan or cultural group known as in-marriage

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14
Q

Give several examples of the moral depravity that existed in the first century AD

A

Sexual sins, prostitution, slavery, divorce and murder

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15
Q

Briefly describe early emperor worship and its consequences

A

The practice of ascribing divinity to rulers, the Roman senate started the emperor cult by deifying after their decease– Augustus and subsequent emperors who had served well. They received deification after death. First century emperors who claimed deity for themselves while still alive failed to receive the honor even at death. The refusal of Christians to participate in what others considered a patriotic duty and unifying pledge of allegiance to the emperor as divine brought increase in persecution.

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16
Q

How are the first century jews connected to superstition?

A

Through various cultural practices and beliefs that existed alongside their religious traditions

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17
Q

Briefly explain the following terms:
Gnosticism
Epicureanism
Stoicism
Skepticism

A

Gnosticism: Equated matter with evil and spirit with good.

Epicureanism: Pleasure (not necessarily sensual) is the chief good in life.

Stoicism: Accepted fate as determined by an impersonal Reason that rules the universe and affects all human beings.

Skepticism: Abandoned belief in anything absolute by surrendering to doubt and conformity of culture.

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18
Q

To what do all these philosophies lead?

A

Gloom and despair

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19
Q

Recite the Shema, with Biblical reference.‬

A

“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one-Deut 6:4

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20
Q

Briefly explain the following terms:
Targums
Apocrypha
Pseudepigraphia
Talmud

A

Targums: a loose oral translation into Aramaic or Greek which many Jews understood better than Hebrew.

Apocrypha: means (“Hidden, secret”) Written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek dating from the intertestamental and New Testament periods, containing mainly history, fiction and wisdom. “Non-canonical”

Pseudepigrapha: falsely inscribed writings under the falsely assumed names of long-deceased OT figures.

Talmud: rabbinic case decisions about interpretive questions stemming from the Old Testament law formed a memorialized oral tradition in New Testament times.

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21
Q

Explain the differences in the Apocrypha and the Pseudepigrapha according to Protestants and Roman Catholics.

A

In the Catholic and Orthodox traditions, the term “apocrypha”
is synonymous with what Protestants call the pseudepigrapha.

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22
Q

Compare and contrast the three sects within Judaism.

A

Pharisees-Believe all the Bible, heavy into the Jewish laws and customs.
Sadducees-no belief in the resurrection of the dead or angels.
Essenes-Legalistic, did not offer animal sacrifices in the temple at Jerusalem, they refrain from bowel movements on the Sabbath and they wore white robes to symbolize their purity.

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23
Q

Define and describe the term: Sanhedrin

A

Local Jewish courts. Allowed by the Romans to handle many of the Jews own religious and domestic matters.

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24
Q

Define and describe the term: Diaspora.

A

The dispersion. Hebraists, who retain not only their Judiastic faith but also their Jewish customs and language thereby encourage gentile hatred for their standoffishness Hellenist, adopted the Greek language, dress and customs while retaining their judiastic faith in varying degrees.

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25
Q

What is the meaning of the word canon as applied to the New Testament, and describe the role Marcion played?

A

“Measuring reed” but developed the metaphorical meaning standard compared to “yardstick”. Marcion may have played a provocative role. He taught that a harsh god of the Old Testament and Judaism and a loving God oppose each other.

26
Q

Explain in some detail the criteria applied to determine canonicity

A

•Must have apostolic authority
•Agree with oral tradition of normative Christianity
•Continually used and accepted by the church

27
Q

Define the following terms:
Papyrus
Codex
Amanuensis
Autograph

A

Papyrus: supplied the writing material for most and perhaps all, books of the New Testament.

Codex: a book with Pages and is bound together in modern style.

Amanuensis: a writing secretary

Autograph: the original documents which no longer exist today.

28
Q

Explain Textual Criticism and why it is necessary.

A

The exercise of determining the original wording of the New Testament. By comparing these, scholars can usually decide among variant readings with a fair degree of certainty.

29
Q

What does the external evidence (outside the Bible) reveal about Jesus’ life?

A

They confirmed that Jesus lived became a public figure and died under Pontius Pilate and that within a dozen years of his death the worship of him had spread as far as Rome.

30
Q

Briefly explain the meaning of the “synoptic problem.”

A

Comparing Matthew Mark and Luke’s similarities and differences. The main issue is to explain the literary dependence between the Gospels.

31
Q

What is the flaw in the oral tradition in the Synoptic Gospels?

A

The potential for variation and inconsistency in the transmission of stories and teachings about Jesus over time.

32
Q

While many today dismiss “eyewitness testimony” as unreliable, why should we consider eyewitnesses during Jesus’ lifetime?

A

Throughout the New Testament numerous references indicate that early Christians highly valued eyewitness in establishing testimony reliability.

33
Q

Briefly describe the main events in Jesus’ public ministry.

A

Year of Obscurity-baptism, temptation, preaching and teaching, miracle working and exorcisms.
Year of Popularity-large crowds, choice of the 12, more teaching and preaching, more miracle working and exorcism.
Year of Rejection-Peter’s confession of Jesus’s messiahship, predictions of passion and resurrection, transfiguration, raising Lazarus, Passion week-triumphal entry, Temple cleansing, last supper, arrest and trials, crucifixion, Resurrection, Post Resurrection appearances, Ascension.

34
Q

Based on the rules for trials, submit some of the rules broken during Jesus’ trial.
Know 3

A

A trial began during the daytime; if unfinished it be adjourned during night time

That therefore no trial should be held on the eve of the Sabbath or festival day

That the accused not be forced to witness against themselves or be convicted on their own testimony.

35
Q

List the Seven Last Words of Jesus from the cross with references. Know 3

A

•Woman, look your son!… Look your mother! (John 19:26-27)
•I am thirsty. (John 19:28)
•It is finished. (John 19:30)

36
Q

Explain the phrase, “Son of Man” and its likely origin.

A

A phrase adopted from Daniel 7:13. A human being in contrast to beasts. One like a son of man.

37
Q

What prophecy did Jesus’ transfiguration fulfill?

A

That some standing there at the time would see His Glory before they die and God’s rule come with power.

38
Q

Explain the likely symbolism of the young man who flees at the arrest of Jesus, as found in Mark 14:51.

A

His escape seems to symbolize, in advance, the resurrection of jesus, who will be buried in a linen cloth such as the young man had been wearing and whose Resurrection a young man will announce in the empty tomb. Traditionally it was John Mark

39
Q

What question plagues the ending of Mark?

A

Where did Mark intend his gospel to end?

40
Q

State the reasons why an early date for the writing of Matthew seems more likely.

A

Denial of predictive prophecy and generally more skeptical presuppositions will force a later date in the ’80s OR ’90s though a number of conservative scholars prefer this later date because of their considerations, such as the argument of Matthew’s interest in the church betrays and later. When the doctorine to the church was assumed more important as a result of the delay in Jesus’s return.

41
Q

What three reasons does the author list for the likely purpose of Matthew?

A

To strengthen persecuted Jewish Christians.

To warn them against laxity and apostasy,

To urge them to use their persecution as opportunity for the evangelism of all nations.

42
Q

Briefly explain why the author describes Matthew’s Gospel as Jewish Christian with a universal outlook.

A

It describes in several places where the gospel is also for the gentiles or non-jewish people.

43
Q

In Matthew 23:35, why did Jesus say, “From the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah”?

A

From the first martyr in the Old Testament to the last. (Genesis-2 Chronicles)

44
Q

Give some examples of Luke’s universality toward social outcasts.

A

Luke calls Jesus a Light to the gentiles

Jesus’ genealogy goes back, not just Abraham, father of the Jewish Nation, but to adam, Father of the whole human race and ultimately to God himself

Jesus calls attention to Elijah’s staying with a Phoenician widow instead of an Israelite

Elisha’s healing a Syrian leper Naaman rather than an Israelite

The Great commission to evangelize all nations.

45
Q

Contrast Matthew’s concentration versus Luke’s.

A

Matthew’s gospel is an universality in which Jewish Christianity has shed its parochialism, whereas Luke’s is a Hellenistic universality which never knew Jewish parochialism.

46
Q

Briefly explain the following terms:
Magnificat
Benedictus
Gloria in Excelsis Deo
Nunc Dimittis

A

Magnificat: (magnify) Mary’s hymn of praise

Benedictus:
(Blessed)
Zechariah’s prophecy of praise

Gloria in Excelsis Deo: (Glory to God in the Highest) the song of the angelic choir at the announcement of Jesus’s birth

Nunc Dimittis:
(Now dismiss)
Simeon’s praise of God when he saw baby Jesus.

47
Q

What is a possible reason Jesus appointed seventy-two messengers?

A

The ancient Jews counted the number of nations in the world of 72, Jesus appointment and sending of the 72 other Messengers ahead of him probably symbolize the worldwide evangelistic mission of the church.

48
Q

What ancient Jewish prayer is the likely base for the Lord’s Prayer?

A

The Kaddish

49
Q

What is the significance of Jesus calling Herod, “that fox” in Luke 13:32?

A

Feminine in Greek. It a term used to explain Herod’s insignificance

50
Q

Briefly explain the following term: Via Dolorosa.

A

(The Way of Sorrow)-A procession in which Simon the Cyrenian carries the cross behind Jesus and a large multitude of people including mourning women follow.

51
Q

Explain the significance of Jesus’ mention of a green tree versus a dry tree in Luke 23:31.

A

The green tree stands for a favorable time, the dry tree for an unfavorable time.

52
Q

What is the significance of Luke naming Cleopas, Emmaus, and the distance from Jerusalem?

A

They provide circumstantial data supporting the reliability of the two disciples testimony.

53
Q

List some of the items found only in Luke’s Gospel.

A

The parable of the prodigal son, John the Baptist birth, the standpoint of Mary in the story of Jesus’s birth, his visit to the temple during boyhood.

54
Q

How does John identify himself in the Gospel of John, and why?

A

The disciple whom Jesus loved. To emphasize that the contents of the Gospel merit belief since they come from the man in whom Jesus confided.

55
Q

List the seven “I am” statements found in John with references.

A

I am the gate (John 10:7, 9)
I am the resurrection and the life (John 11:25)
I am the way and the truth and the life (John 14:6)

56
Q

Give three translations for the Greek term Paraclete as it relates to the Holy Spirit.

A

Comforter, Counselor and Protector

57
Q

Briefly explain the “we-sections” of Acts.

A

By Luke’s use of “we” in narrating parts of Paul’s journeys, the author of Acts implies that he was a traveling companion of Paul.

58
Q

List some reasons why Acts was likely written around A.D. 63.

A

Luke wrote acts, when Paul had been in Rome for 2 years about ad 63 there is a lack of allusions to the Neronic persecution, to the martyrdom of James the Lord’s brother, again in the 60s, and to the destruction of Jerusalem and AD 70

59
Q

State the early name given to Christians, and some possible reasons why.

A

“The way”. The way of the Lord prepared by John the Baptist in accordance with Isaiah 40:3, a reference to the way of the cross, a reference to the way of salvation

60
Q

Define the term Judaizer.

A

Group of Jewish Christians who believed that their fellow Christians should follow the Mosaic Law

61
Q

What reasons does the author give for the likely delay in Paul’s trial in Rome?

A

The necessity of accusers to come from palestine
The loss in shipwreck of Festus’s list of charges against Paul with the consequent need for a duplicate to be sent from Caesarea
The crowdedness of Nero’s court calendar

New Testament Survey One (1 decks)

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