NT Survey Final

Question 0

What played a great part in holding the single allegiance of the Jewish people?

Answer 0

In no other faith did the temple with its imageless sanctuary play so great a part or hold the allegiance of so large a company of people.

Question 1

How was Judaism unlike other religions of the Roman Empire?

Answer 1

1. It was national, having originated with the Jewish people.
2. It was exclusively monotheistic, in that its adherents were not allowed to worship or even admit the existence of and other god or gods.

Question 2

Judaism was based on a revelation from God recounted in the sacred Scriptures of the Law and the prophets. What did it claim to be?

Answer 2

The reproduction of the words of God himself as he spoke to His chosen people.

Question 3

Christianity is_______?

Answer 3

the child of Judaism

Question 4

Name four points relating to the Jewishness of Jesus.

Answer 4

1. Jesus was a Jew born of a Jewish family.
2. Jesus was circumcised on the eighth day as all Jewish male infants were.
3. Jesus was taken to Jerusalem as a boy that he might participate in the Passover feast.
4. Throughout His life, He observed Jewish customs and moved in Jewish society.
5. Assumed his Rabbi role at 30.

Question 5

Judaism as it existed in the first century was largely a product of what?

Answer 5

It was largely the product of the exile. Prior to this they had given only spasmodic loyalty to the law.

Question 6

What did Daniel and his friends avow to do?

Answer 6

Daniel and his friends avowed their will to worship Jehovah alone at any cost.

Question 7

In the days of Jesus, who were potent figures in the religion of Judaism?

Answer 7

scribes. (studied and interpreted the law; made copies of the law for synagogues) became as important as Priests.

Question 8

How many persons did it take to form a regular Jewish congregation and what was that congregation called?

Answer 8

1. It took 10 Jewish men to form a regular Jewish congregaton, and it was called a synagogue. (The dispersion necessitated a form of local gathering; some people could not attend the Temple worship after it was reestablished because of cost and distance)
2. It was a flourishing center of worship in the time of Christ (Not mentioned in OT)

Question 9

What was the central to the whole faith of Judaism?

Answer 9

Its tenacious belief in the unity and transcendence of Jehovah.

Question 10

State the Short Sharp Creed.

Answer 10

Deut 6:4 “Hear, O Israel: Jehovah our God is one Jehovah.”

Question 11

Discuss Philo’s concept of God

Answer 11

1. Phil belonged to the Hellenistic wing of Judaism which had a more philosophic conception of God.
2. It believed that God was eternal, unchangeable, holy, free, and perfect.
3. God is superior to all things, and therefore is not definable by comparison to anything. This would be limiting God, and God is limitless.
4. This illustrates a depersonalizing of God that is still existent in modern Judaism. God becomes a shadowing being whose character and attitude no definite assertions can be made.

Question 12

In what way did Christianity go beyond Judaism?

Answer 12

by presenting a God who was not only sole God and real, but who was also personal and knowledgeable.

Question 13

What was sin for a Jew?

Answer 13

in a wrong relationship to the revealed law of God. The failure to obey one of its proscriptions whether weighty or light, was regarded as sin, and made you guilty of all of the law. (James 2:10)

Question 14

In the period before the exile, how were rewards and punishments connected?

Answer 14

They were connected with the fate of the nation as a whole. If the nation observed God’s law and worshiped him alone, it prospered. If the nation lapsed into idolatry and neglect of the law, it suffered political and economic reverses.

Question 15

When and how was the original temple of Solomon destroyed?

Answer 15

The original temple of Solomon was destroyed in 586 B.C. when it was sacked and burned by the troops of Nebuchadnezzar.

Question 16

Why was the most holy place in the temple empty?

Answer 16

because the Ark of the Covenant had been lost when the temple of Solomon was destroyed.

Question 17

The temple was ______of _______in _________.

Answer 17

main center of worship in Jerusalem.

Question 18

Discuss the synagogue’s purpose.

Answer 18

1. social center were Jewish inhabitants gathered weekly to meet.
2. it was the educational medium for keeping the law before the people and providing instruction for their children in the ancestral faith.
3. It was a substitute for temple worship, which was precluded by distance or poverty.
4. the study of the law there took the place of ritual sacrifice; the rabbi supplanted the priest; communal faith was applied to individual life

Question 19

What was the most important of all feasts.

Answer 19

Passover. historically and religiously it marked the anniversary of the deliverance of the Jews from Egypt and their establishment as an in independent people by redemptive act of God. (Egyptian passover blood sprinkled over doorpost lamb eaten in haste 10th of Nissan); The permanent passover 7 days with the use of unleavened bread) Both one festal season.

Question 20

What festival could be more properly called a fast? What New Testament book applies much of its symbolism to Christ?

Answer 20

The Day of Atonement was more properly a fast than a feast, and is so called in the New Testament. Much of the symbolism of the Day of atonement is applied to Christ by the book of Hebrews. (Many functions of the priesthood are described in terms of the ritual of the Old Testament.

Question 21

The _______corresponds almost exactly in time to the Christian Christmas.

Answer 21

The Feast of Lights. (Judas Maccabeus, Antiochus Epihanes cleansing of temple and rededication to service of God) 25th of Kislev (December) Stories of the Maccabeus repeated for benefit of the Children. 8 days of observance. Houses ablaze in honor of the day. Hanukkah

Question 22

Jewish education was narrow but________________.
Jews favored _______________.
Enthusiasm for education was a marked ______________.

Answer 22

precise.
vocational education.
characteristic of Jewish life.

Question 23

Define Apocrypha.

Answer 23

the word Apocrypha is means hidden, recondite, or secret as applied to matter that are not to be disclosed to common people, but are to be revealed only the initiated few; as time went on the name was applied to works which have a biblical or religious flavor, but which were not generally accepted as authoritative. “of dubious authenticity or authorship.

Question 24

The four sects of Judaism:

Answer 24

Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Zealots

Question 25

Pharisees

Answer 25

1. derived from the verb parash to separate (puritans of Judaism)
2. sought complete obedience to the oral and written law (Torah, Prophets and Writings
3. used the allegorical method of interpretation of Scripture to allow for elasticity in applying the principle of the Law to new questions.
4. believed in the existence of angels, and spirits, in the immortality of the sould, and in the resurrection of the body

Question 26

Sadducees

Answer 26

1. Derived their name from the sons of Zadok, who was the high priest in David’s day.
2. Less numerous than Pharisees but possessed political power, and governed the civil life under the Herods.
3. Adhered to a strict literal interpretation of the Torah, which they held to be canonical and having a higher authority than the Prophets and Writings.
4. They did not believe in personal immortality, and denied the existence of spirits and angels. (open to Hellenizing)
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Question 27

Essenes:

Answer 27

1. a definite ascetic brotherhood that could be entered on by those who were willing to submit to the regulations of the group and undergo rites of initiation. (expulsion)
2. abstained from marriage, sober restrained , not giving way to anger or oaths exceptionally attentive to cleanliness
3. taught that the soul of a man is intangible, immortal, imprisoned in a perishable body. the good pass to a place of sunshine and cool breezes; the wicked are relegated to a dark and stormy place of continual torment.

Question 28

The Zealots:

Answer 28

1. Not a religious sect, group of radical nationalist who advocated violence as a means of liberation from Rome.
2. One of Jesus’ disciples Simon, the zealot was one of them
3. They might have been connected with the assassins in Acts 21:38
4. Their dissention contributed heavily to the downfall of Jerusalem during Titus’ seige of the city.

Question 29

What marked the culture of Judaism?

Answer 29

a zeal for God and a determination to observe the Torah.

Question 30

What caused Judaism to flourish and survive the vicissitudes that overcame most of its contemporaries?

Answer 30

by a remarkable unity of belief and observance among Jews, despite well-known diversities.

Question 31

Discuss the meaning of the term New Testament.

Answer 31

an arrangement made by one party that might be accepted or rejected by another party, but that he could not alter, and than when accepted, bound both parties by its terms. The Greek word diatheke is used of both of a last will and testament and covenant (or contract) as translated from Greek to English. Thus the term New Testament could mean New Covenant as well.

Question 32

What is the New Testament?

Answer 32

The New Testament is a record of the character and establishment of a new dealing of God with men, and when man accepts them both he and God are obligated to fulfill their requirements.

Question 33

What are three ways the content of the New Testament may be classified?

Answer 33

by literary character, by authors, and by periods

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are historical others are doctrinal, personal and prophetic.

Question 34

List the Synoptic Gospels.

Answer 34

Matthew, Mark, and Luke….because they each take a common view of the life of Christ. (closer interrelation of content, and manner of expression)

Question 35

Where is the word canon derived from and what does it mean?

Answer 35

It is derived from the Greek kanon which means “reed”, and then a “rod” or “bar”. Because it was used for measurement it came to mean a standard. In literary works it meant a list of books that could be correctly attributed to a given author. However, the cannon of the New Testament cannot be settled solely on authorship. This true criterion of canon is inspiration from God. Canon is the Outcome of their outward unity by inward dynamic.

Question 36

If the canon of the New Testament cannot be established with any degree of accuracy its _____ will be uncertain and there can be no
fixed standard ___________and ________.

Answer 36

authority, for faith, life.