NT Final Flashcards
Joseph
Jesus’ earthly step-Father
Mary
Jesus’ mother
Elizabeth
Mother of John the Baptist
Zechariah
Father of John the Baptist
John the Baptist
The cousin of Jesus who prepared the way for Jesus’ coming
Simeon
An old prophet who was promised he would not die before he saw the Messiah. He held the infant Jesus in the temple, recognizing Him as the Messiah. Recited the “Nunc Dimittis”.
Anna
An old prophetess who recognized Jesus as the Messiah in the Temple and spoke about Him to everyone seeking the Messiah.
The Angel Gabriel
The heavenly messenger sent from God to Mary to announce that she would miraculously conceive and give birth to the Son of God.
Caesar Augustus
The Roman Emperor who ruled the empire when Jesus was born.
Herod the Great
An Idumean who was given the title “King of the Jews” by Rome & who ruled Palestine when Jesus was born.
Peter
One of the inner 3 of Jesus’ disciples; Confessed Jesus as the Christ & Son of God, but later he denied Jesus 3 times.
John
One of the inner 3 of Jesus disciples; Known as the Beloved Disciple; He took care of Jesus’ mother and was a Bishop of Ephesus.
Judas
The disciple who betrayed Jesus.
Matthew
A former tax collector who became of one Jesus 12 disciples; he wrote of the 4 Gospels
Mary Magdalene
A follower of Jesus from whom Jesus cast out many demons; One of first people Jesus spoke to after His resurrection.
Mary of Bethany
A dear friend of Jesus who once sat at His feet, listening to His teaching; later she poured an expensive perfume on Jesus’ feet and wiped His feet with her hair.
Martha of Bethany
Sister of Mary; when Mary sat listening to Jesus, she busied herself preparing a meal for Jesus.
Lazarus of Bethany
A dear friend of Jesus whom Jesus raised from the dead.
Pontius Pilate
The Roman Prefect (governor) of Judea who presided over Jesus’ Roman trial and handed Him over to be crucified.
Nicodemus
Member of the Sanedrin; Secret follower of Jesus; came to Jesus at night and Jesus spoke the famous words of John 3:16 to him.
Joseph of Arimathea
Member of the Sanhedrin; secret follower of Jesus; buried Jesus in his own newly cut tomb
Simon of Cyrene
A man who was conscripted by soldiers to help Jesus carry His cross.
Zacchaeus
A Chief Tax Collector from Jericho. Jesus invited Himself into this man’s home; he then gave half of all he owned to the poor.
Thomas
One of Jesus 12 disciples who was famous for doubting that Jesus rose from the dead until he saw Jesus face to face.
Herod Antipas
A son of Herod the Great who ruled over Galilee during Jesus’ ministry; He had John the Baptist put to death.
Matthias
The man chosen by lot to replace Judas among the 12 Disciples
Paul
Former Jewish persecutor of Christians who was converted by the Risen Lord Jesus on the road to Damascus to become an apostle.
James
The ½ brother of our Lord who was the Leader of the Christian Church in Jerusalem (wrote a Biblical book that bears his name
Jude
A ½ brother of Jesus & brother of James; wrote a Biblical book
Timothy
A traveling companion and assistant of Paul; Grew up in Lystra and had a Gentile father and Jewish mother. Paul wrote 2 Biblical letters to him.
Luke
A Greek physician who was a traveling companion and assistant of Paul; he wrote one of the Gospels and the book of Acts.
Mark (John Mark):
The cousin of Barnabas & traveling companion of Paul; He was not one the original disciples but wrote one of the 4 Gospels.
Barnabas
Retrieved Paul from Tarsus to help him preach the Gospel in Syrian Antioch; he then traveled with Paul on his first missionary journey
Cornelius
A Roman Centurion who lived in Caesarea; He sent for Peter, who came and shared Jesus with him and his family; They were converted and baptized.
Lydia
A woman who dealt in purple cloth & was converted by Paul at Philippi
Nero
The Roman Emperor under whose reign Peter and Paul were killed.
Philemon
A former slave owner from Colossae whom Paul had converted to Christianity, and to whom Paul sends a letter, asking him to receive his run-away slave back as a brother in Christ.
Onesimus
A run-away slave whom Paul converts and sends back to his master in Colossae with a letter; to be received as a brother in Christ.
Titus
One of Paul’s traveling companions and assistants. Paul left him in Crete to appoint pastors in every town. Paul wrote a letter to him
Domitian
The Roman Emperor from 81 to 96 A.D., whose harsh, systematic persecution of Christians was the context of John’s book of Revelation
How long did Paul spend in Ephesus during his third Missionary Journey
3 years
According to Wendt, the letter to the Ephesians was probably not meant just for that church, but was what type of letter?
A circular letter designed for a wider distribution.
According to Ephesians 1:9,10, what is God’s plan for the universe?
God is at work to bring about an ultimate unity and harmony of all created things in Jesus the Messiah.
According to Wendt (and St. Paul), what was God’s greatest redemptive act, the pivotal point of history?
When he raised Jesus from the dead.
According to Wendt, what does it mean that Jesus is “seated at the Father’s right hand in the heavenly places”?
The Father has entrusted to His Son the task of running the universe.
In discussing Paul’s understanding of “Church”, Wendt point out that the Greek word for church is “ekklesia”, which literally means what?
Those who have been called out
Paul uses ekkesia for Church to indicate that the Church gathers to do what? And then goes forth to do what?
They gather in community to worship their Maker and Redeemer. Then go forth to reflect Jesus the Servant-Messiah in all that they think, say, and do.
According to Colossians 2:9, where does Paul say “all the fullness of the Godhead dwells”?
Christ
A note of joy rings throughout Paul’s letter to the Philippians. What is the source of his joy?
His fellowship with Christ.
Philippians 2:5-11. It says that Christ humbled himself so much that he became obedient even as far as doing what? At the end of these verses, Christ is exalted, so that every knee on earth, heaven and under the earth will do what? And what will all people in the end proclaim Christ to be?
Humbled himself by becoming human and by His death on a cross. Every knee will bow. Proclaim that Jesus Christ is Lord.
- Paul met a man from Colossae while he was in prison named Onesimus. What does his name mean?
Useful
What does Paul ask of Philemon concerning Onesimus? What difference is the Gospel to make in the relationship between Philemon and Onesimus? What change does Paul want to see?
Hints that he would be happy to have Onesimus back in his own service. Paul transformed the relationship between master and slave. He brought both Philemon and Onesimus into fellowship with Christ, thus bringing them into brotherly fellowship with one another. Paul wanted changes in people’s hearts and lives.
Paul left Timothy and Titus in charge of churches in what two locations?
Timothy- Ephesus
Titus- Island of Crete
What was the ancestry of Timothy’s Father and his Mother?
His father was Greek and his mother a Jewess.
Where did Timothy initially meet and join Paul in his missionary travels?
Lystra
What was the “purpose” of the pastoral letters to Timothy and Titus?
To equip them for present and future responsibilities.
The Pastoral Letters are also concerned with False Teaching. What were the false teachers teaching about: matter? Marriage? Certain foods? The Resurrection?
Matter is evil, marriage is to be renounced, and certain foods are not to be eaten, resurrection was already past.
In Titus, Paul indicates that true religion begins with what? How are the Scriptures to be used in the congregation?
Baptism, and is fostered by Christian upbringing.
They play a key role in nurture; they are to be read publicly and used in the family circle.
How is a bishop/elder to be commissioned or ordained into their office?
By a ceremony involving the laying on of hands.
People often misquote 1 Timothy 6:10 as saying “Money is the root of all evil.” What is the actual quote?
The love of money is the root of all evil
Peter wrote his first letter to Christians in Asia Minor who were undergoing ridicule and persecution. He encourages them to follow the “example” of Christ, who suffered for them. What does the actual Greek word “Hupogrammos” (translated example) really mean? What is the model for the Christian’s life?
a perfect model to be studied and emulated.
Jesus’ servant life- not the commandments in OT
Peter reminds his readers that they have been purchased for God, not by gold or silver, but by what?
With the precious blood of Christ, the Lamb without blemish or spot.
According to Peter, a Christian’s suffering must result from what and not what?
From allegiance to Jesus, not from evil actions.
In 2 Peter, the writer says that the sacred writings are not a human product, but the result of what?
The Spirit’s inspiration
What does the writer of 2 Peter give as the reason for the delay of Jesus’ return?
Has to do with God’s grace and patience. God’s desire is to give more people time to repent.
What two people is Jude, who wrote the book of Jude, the brother of?
A brother of James and a half-brother of Jesus
According to the book of Hebrews, though Jesus’ perfect sacrifice, those who belong to Him have access to what?
The very presence of God
According to Wendt, because the book of Hebrews goes to considerable lengths to demonstrate that the New Testament revelation is superior to that of the Old Testament, who are the most plausible recipients?
Jewish Christians in danger of reverting to Judaism.
What is the central theme of the book of Hebrews
The true worship of God through the authentic High Priest– Jesus. The Superiority of Christ
The beginning of the book of Hebrews says that in former times God communicated to His people through the prophets, but in these days He has spoken to us through whom?
The Creator and Goal of all things, God’s Son
Why is Jesus a High Priest who can empathize with our human frailties?
so we can appeal to a High Priest who understands us. Jesus knows our human condition perfectly, for He experienced suffering and temptation– although he did not yield to sin.
Jesus is seen as a High Priest after the order of whom?
Melchizedek
Jesus is the Mediator of what?
a new and superior covenant that accomplishes what it signifies.
As our High Priest, what did Jesus offer up to the Father to achieve our eternal redemption?
His own blood
What does the book of Hebrews warn persecuted Christians against?
the sin of “apostasy”, which is “falling away from the Christian faith.”
How does the author of Hebrews see suffering?
as proof that God loves His children; a kind of discipline.
The book of James was written to Jewish Christians who were under the twin pressures of what?
Poverty and Persecution
According to James in chapter 1, how are Christians to meet trials? Also, what does he say about whether or not God tempts anyone to sin?
Greet them with joy.
God tempts no one to sin; people’s passions entice them.
According to James in chapter 1, true faith in Christ must demonstrate itself in doing what 3 things?
Control of the tongue
concern for the needy, defenseless, and the oppressed
avoiding the world’s polluting influence
According to James in chapter 2, how are Christians to treat the rich and the poor?
Must not discriminate against the poor or show favoritism to the rich
Some people misinterpret James as saying that doing good works save us. He does not teach this. What does he teach?
“faith without works is dead” – showing us that although we are not saved BY our works, we are saved through faith in Christ FOR good works
Why were the early Christians in Asia Minor during the writing of Revelation being persecuted?
Refusing to take part in emperor worship
Roman citizens believed that the “spirit of Rome” was incarnate in whom? What two parts of “emperor worship” were required of every Roman citizen once a year?
the person of the emperor. (Caesar)
Burn a pinch of incense to the emperor once a year and declare, “Caesar is Lord!”
Why did Christians refuse to acknowledge that “Caesar is Lord”? In speaking to this situation, what two main themes run throughout the book of Revelation?
For Christians, Jesus alone was Lord.
1) Those suffering are to persevere in the faith, and are assured that they will be vindicated and rewarded.
2) God will intervene to judge and punish those who are afflicting God’s people.
Most modern scholars believe that Revelation was written during the last days of what Roman emperor?
Domitian
What kind of literature is Revelation? What are some off the differences between Revelation and typical apocalyptic?
Apocalyptic.
Apocalyptic works were pseudonymous; John wrote in his own name. Apocalyptic had speculative interests and sought to calculate the times and seasons of the world’s last days and its end. John does not attempt to satisfy curiosity about such matters.
The details, beasts, numbers and colors of Revelation are symbolic and not to be taken literally. What does Wendt say the following numbers in Revelation are symbolic of: 144,000; 1,000; 12; 7; 6; and 4?
144,000 = immensity 1,000 = a large number 12= Israel's 12 tribes or the 12 apostles 7 = perfection 6= imperfection 4= the world
According to Wendt, how does Revelation use the term “Harmagedon” (the hill of Megiddo)?
uses symbolically when referring to the final destruction of those who were harassing God’s people– with “those” referring to those who, in John’s day, embraced the beliefs and practices of the Roman imperial system.
On what island was John banished when he received the visions of the book of Revelation?
Patmos
According to Wendt, the Lampstand is a symbol of what? The Stars in Revelation 1 are symbols of what?
Lampstand = church Stars= Angels
According to John in Revelation 1, what does Jesus hold the keys to?
Death and Hades
According to Wendt, what is the central message of hope that runs throughout Revelation?
Stand firm! God will deliver you soon!
In the vision of the 7 Seals, what does the scroll with the seven seals represent? Who is finally worthy to open the seals and bring about God’s plan? What two titles does John’s guide ascribe to Jesus? Jesus is seen as a Lamb who has been slain with 7 horns and 7 eyes. What do the seven horns symbolize? What do the 7 eyes symbolize?
Scroll 7 seals = contains the details of the future divine plan for humanity and the church
- Jesus is worthy to open
- the Lion of the Tribe of Judah and the Root of David
- horns = strength
- eyes = watchful insight
Which book of the NT focuses on Christology?
Colossians
Themes of Colossians
The Sufficiency of Christ, the Head of the Church (The “Fullness” of Christ)
What is the “new circumcision”?
Baptism
theme of Philemon
Christ’s Transforming Forgiveness
theme of Ephesians
Building the Body of Christ (The Church)
Gathering of Christians then Spreading
theme of Philippians
The book of Joy
Where was the city of Philippi and who mostly lived there?
Macedonia, mostly retired Roman military
Theme verse of Philippians
Rejoice in the Lord always
Where was one of the first Christian creeds found?
Philippians
What are the Pastoral Epistles?
1 and 2 Timothy and Titus
Theme of 1 Timothy
Leadership Manual
Theme of 2 Timothy
Endurance in Ministry
Theme of Titus
Conduct Manual
Occasion and Purpose of 1 timothy
To guide Timothy in his oversight of churches; to refute false teaching
What do gnostics believe?
Matter is evil, spirit is good.
Don’t need forgiveness, need enlightenment
Occasion and Purpose of Titus
Paul’s authorization and guidance. To encourage Titus in his pastoral duties
Fourfold structure of letter and Titus’s task
Appoint elders
Expose false teaching
Edify (build up) the church
Exclude persistent false teachers
Occasion and Purpose of 2 timothy “Last Will and Testament”
Wants Timothy, as others had deserted him
Attention to the Gospel under persecution
Communicate with the Ephesians
Theme of 1 Peter
God’s grace and hope for suffering Christians
Theme of 2 Peter
Grow in Christ to Defend the Faith
Theme of Jude
By God’s grace, contend for the faith
1 Peter stresses 3 “living things” to encourage
“living hope through the resurrection”
“the living Stone”
“you also, like living stones”
who does Peter say is now the new Israel?
Christians.
We are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a people belonging to God
1 Peter 2 indicates that Jesus is both the what and what of the church?
Cornerstone and caping stone
What does 2 Peter say about the “Day of the Lord” (Judgement Day)
The present heavens and earth will be destroyed by fire on Judgment Day
Theme of James
Humble yourselves before the Lord. Faith without deeds is dead.
OT characters as examples of James’ theme
Abraham and Rahab, Job’s perseverance, Elijah and the power of prayer
Theme of Hebrews
The Superiority of Christ
Amillennialism
Traditional view in Church history concerning the End Times. One final Judgment Day and ONE coming of Christ at the end of time to raise the dead ONCE for judgment.
Dispensational Premillennialism
A newer teaching of some Christians since the 1900s about the End Times. Secret rapture taking believers to heaven, 7 years of tribulation with Anti-Christ persecuting Israel, war in Israel of Armagaeddon, then Jesus returns visibly to fight and win the battle with Antichrist, then he rules from Jerusalem for 1,000 years, Jews forcibly converted to Christ, then little season, then Final Judgment Day.
The dragon symbol for
Satan
Purpose of Revelation
to encourage persecuted Christians to be faithful to Christ, even unto death, and they would be given the “crown of life”
