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Palo Alto - VM Series > NSX-T > Flashcards

NSX-T Flashcards

1
Q

What is a virtual switch?

A

a piece of software that emulates a physical Layer 2 networking device; allows to interconnect virtual machines in the same fashion as physical devices

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2
Q

How does a virtual switch provide physical network connectivity?

A

by mapping uplink ports to the physical network interface cards (NICs) of the host

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3
Q

What does it mean that VMware vSphere implements a single-tier virtual switch network topology?

A

there is no way to directly interconnect multiple virtual switches

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4
Q

What are the two virtual switches supported by vSphere?

A
  • vSphere Standard Switch (VSS)
  • vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS)
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5
Q

What is VSS?

A

localized, resides within a single host

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6
Q

What is vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS)?

A

more robust capabilities that span across multiple hypervisor hosts

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7
Q

How does VSS implement data plane and management plane?

A
  • contains both management and data planes in a single package
  • must configure and maintain each vSS instance individually
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8
Q

What defines how virtual machine connections are made through the vSS to the physical network?

A

a port group

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9
Q

What if a port group has no physical NICs configured?

A

virtual machines can only communicate with each other but do not have connectivity to the external network

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10
Q

How does VDS behave?

A

like a single switch across all associated hypervisor hosts in a data center

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10
Q

How does VDS implement data plane and management plane?

A
  • has separate management and data planes
  • vCenter provides the management-plane functionality, and the data plane remains local to each hypervisor host via a host proxy switch that is associated to the vDS
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11
Q

In which environments is VDS most useful?

A

environments that use advanced features like vMotion because a virtual machine is able to access its assigned distributed port group on each hypervisor host associated to the VDS

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12
Q

What are the supported NIC load balancing mechanisms?

A
  • Route Based on Originating Virtual Port
  • Route Based on IP Hash
  • Route Based on Physical NIC Load
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13
Q

How does Route Based on Originating Virtual Port load balancing mechanism work?

A
  • selects an uplink based on the virtual machine port ID
  • no specific upstream switch configurations needed
  • virtual guest throughput is limited to the speed of the selected uplink
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14
Q

How does Route Based on IP Hash load balancing mechanism work?

A
  • selects an uplink based on the source and destination IP address of each packet
  • requires the physical switches to be configured with active or passive Etherchannel
  • virtual guest flows are load-shared across all associated uplinks
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15
Q

How does Route Based on Physical NIC Load load balancing mechanism work?

A
  • starts using the default route based on originating virtual port
  • moves to a virtual port when an uplink port reaches 75% utilization over a 30 sec period
  • no specific upstream switch configurations needed
  • requires vSphere Enterprise Plus
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16
Q

What is the defaul load balancing mechanism?

A

Route Based on Originating Virtual Port

17
Q

What are the different vNICs that vSphere support?

A
  • E1000 and E1000E
  • VMXNET3
18
Q

Describe E1000 and E1000E

A
  • virtual Ethernet adapters that emulate Intel 82545EM or 82574 network adapters
  • require additional CPU cycles to process all guest virtual-machine network traffic
19
Q

Describe VMXNET3

A
  • a para-virtualized device created by VMware
  • no emulated hardware - optimized for performance
  • functions like a 10G NIC
20
Q

How does Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) work?

A
  • enables a device, such as a network adapter, to appear as multiple independent physical devices to the hypervisor or the guest virtual machine’s operating system
  • exchanges data directly with the physical adapter, bypassing the VMkernel
21
Q

Which environment does Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) fit the best?

A

workloads with very high packet rates or low latency requirements

22
Q

What are the compatibility constraints of Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)?

A

not compatible with several vSphere virtualization features such as vMotion, HA, and DRS

23
Q

What are the methods of using VLAN tagging in vSphere?

A
  1. external switch tagging (EST)
  2. virtual switch tagging (VST)
  3. virtual guest tagging (VGT)
24
Q

Describe External Switch Tagging (EST)

A
  • the physical switches are responsible for VLAN tagging
  • there are no VLAN tags configured between the physical and virtual switches
25
Q

Describe Virtual Switch Tagging (VST)

A

the most commonly used configuration deployment where both the physical and virtual switches are configured for VLAN tagging

26
Q

Describe Virtual Guest Tagging (VGT)

A
  • a deployment where the guest virtual machine performs the VLAN tagging
  • all VLAN tags pass from the physical switches through the virtual switching layer and arrive unchanged on the guest virtual machine networking stack
27
Q

What is the role of the vCenter plugin for Panorama?

A

enable VM monitoring in a vSphere environment

28
Q

What are the vCenter’s plugin configuration components?

A
  1. vCenter
  2. Notify Group
  3. Monitoring Definition
29
Q

What is the purpose of a Notify Group?

A

determine which device groups should be notified of VM changes

30
Q

What is the purpose of a Monitoring Definition?

A

synchronize the VM information from the configured vCenter server to the Notify Group definitions

31
Q

Which pieces of information does VM vCenter Panorama plugin pull from the VMs running in a vCenter?

A
  • VM name
  • guest OS
  • annotation
  • VLAN ID
  • host IP
  • user-defined tag
32
Q

What is the purpose of the the NSX plugin for Panorama?

A

ensure simple deployment of VM-Series firewalls in the NSX-T environment

33
Q

What are the two NSX plugin components?

A
  1. Service Manager
  2. Service Definitions
34
Q

What kind of management refers to workloads moving from a physical host to a different physical host as the environment changes?

A

Resource management

35
Q

What kind of group defines how virtual machine connections are made through the vSphere Standard Switch to the physical network?

A

Port group

36
Q

Which two vSphere methods help you configure and manage your network resources?

A
  • Virtual Ethernet Adapters (vNIC)
  • Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)
37
Q

True or false? NSX-T requires both VM-Series firewalls and Panorama to be at version 9.1 or later for North-South implementation.

A

true

38
Q

Which component ensures simple deployment of VM-Series firewalls in your NSX-T environment?

A

Panorama NSX Plugin

39
Q
A

Palo Alto - VM Series (8 decks)

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