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NST Grade 6 Term 1 > NST Grade 6 Term 1 > Flashcards

NST Grade 6 Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants make their own food

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2
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

A substance that makes plants green

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3
Q

What is carbon dioxide

A

A gas in the air that plants need for photosynthesis

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4
Q

How does photosynthesis take place

A

It mainly takes place in the leaves of green plants. Chlorophyll give the leaves and other parts of the plant their green colour. Chlorophyll in the leaves absorbs energy from sunlight. Plants take in a gas called carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves. They also absorb water through their roots. Duringphotosynthesis, plants use the energy from the sunlight, carbon dioxide gas from the air and water to make glucose.

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5
Q

What do plants make during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What is oxygen

A

A gas in the air tat living things need to stay alive

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7
Q

What do plants change some of the glucose they make in their leaves into?

A

Starch

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8
Q

Where do plants store starch

A 
In fruits (like bananas)
In their roots (like carrots)
In their leaves (like spinach)
In their stems (like celery)
In their seeds (like corn)
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9
Q

How can we test for starch

A

We can test it with Iodine. Iodine solution is yellow-brown in colour. The iodine changes to blue-black if starch is present. If there is no starch present, the iodine solution will stay yellow-brown.

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10
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A possible explanation for an observation that you can test by further investigation.

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11
Q

How do plants make glucose sugar?

A

Mainly in their leaves by photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What do plants use to make their food

A

Sunlight, carbon Dioxide and water.

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13
Q

What do plants do to glucose

A

It changes it to starch and stores it in different parts of the plant

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14
Q

What does starch do to Iodine solution

A

It changes it from brown-yellow to blue-black.

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15
Q

Why are plants important

A

It helps to keep the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air constant.

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16
Q

When do plants use carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen into the air?

A

During photosynthesis

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17
Q

What do we do with oxygen

A

We breath in oxygen from the air around us, we breath out carbon dioxide into the air. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

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18
Q

Explain the diagram to show the relationship between plants and air

A

Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Plants five off oxygen during photosynthesis.
Animals and humans breath out carbon dioxide
Plants use carbon dioxide.

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19
Q

A plant makes food in its ___________ by the process of _______________

A

Leaves

photosynthesis

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20
Q

A plant uses energy in the __________ as well as __________ and ___________ to make _____________
which can be changed into _____________ and stored

A 
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight
Water
Glucose Sugar
Starch
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21
Q

The plant gives off _____________ into the air which is used by people and animals

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

What is a nutrient

A

The important parts of food needed by the body for energy and good health

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23
Q

What is a diet

A

The difference foods a person or animal eats every dday

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24
Q

What are food groups

A

The main types of foods

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25
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

A food type that gives energy to living organisms

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26
Q

What is protein

A

A type of food needed for growth and repair of the body

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27
Q

What are fats and oils

A

A food type that supplies a large amount of energy

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28
Q

What are vitamins and minerals

A

Parts of food needed to keep the body working well

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29
Q

What is an immune system

A

A system in the body that protects it from germs and disease

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30
Q

What are saturated fats

A

They come mainly from animal food products

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31
Q

What is sodium

A

Salt

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32
Q

What is processed food

A

Food that is made and changed from how it is found in nature

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33
Q

What do living organisms need to grow and stay healthy

A

Food

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34
Q

Why do living things need energy

A

To carry out the 7 life processes

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35
Q

What processes do living things need energy for

A 
Feeding
Breathing
Moving
Growing
Excreting
Sensing
Reproducing
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36
Q

What does everything we eat contain

A

Nutrients

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37
Q

How are foods grouped

A

According to their functions in the body and the main nutrients they supply

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38
Q

What are the 4 main food groups

A

Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats and Oils
Vitamins and minerals

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39
Q

What are carbohydrates used for

A

To keep the body warm and to provide all the energy it needs for growth and movement

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40
Q

What are the 2 main carbohydrates that we eat

A

Sugar and starch

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41
Q

Where do we find sugar

A

In fruits and products like jam and cooldrink

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42
Q

What happens if we eat too much sugar

A

It gets stored as fat in our bodies

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43
Q

What type of food product does not have all the important nutrients our bodies need

A

Sugar

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44
Q

In which foods do we find starch

A

Foods such as maize meal, potatoes, rice and some fruits like bananas

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45
Q

How does starch provide energy to the body

A

It gives the energy slow so the energy lasts longer

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46
Q

What is the most common form of carbohydrates in our diet

A

Starch

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47
Q

What percentage of our food comes from carbohydrates?

A

60%

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48
Q

What is protein used for

A

To build and repair a living organisms body and for growth

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49
Q

What helps your immune system fight off infection

A

Proteins

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50
Q

What is the job of the immune system

A

It protects your body from sickness and helps you get better if you are sick.

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51
Q

What are red blood cells responsible for.

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

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52
Q

What parts of the body is mostly made up of proteins

A

Muscles
Organs
Red blood cells

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53
Q

What types of foods contain proteins

A 
Meat
Fish
Eggs
Nuts
Beans
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54
Q

Why is it important to eat the right amount of protein

A

Because protein is important to help repair any tissues that are damaged through normal use over the years. Protein give the body strength and is important for muscle growth

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55
Q

What food type gives the most energy out of all the food types

A

Oils and fats

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56
Q

How do oils and fats work in the body

A

They store energy in the form of body fats. These body fats form protective layers inside the body to protect the organs and keep some animals warm.

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57
Q

What types of foods are oils and fats

A

Nuts
Avocado
Sardines
Sunflower oil

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58
Q

Why is it not a good idea to eat too much fatty meat

A

Because it contains unhealthy fats known as saturated fats

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59
Q

How can you see if food contains oils or fats

A

You rub a bit of the food on brown paper and if a see-through stain appears and it does not dry or disappear it means that fat is present.

60
Q

What is the job of vitamins and minerals

A

Vitamins and minerals work together with carbohydrates, proteins and fats to help our bodies grow and develop normally

61
Q

Why do we need vitamins and minerals

A

To build strong teeth and bones, have good eyesight and a healthy immune system.

62
Q

What is the function of carrots, pumpkin, butter and liver

A

Helps you see at night, helps your body fight infections

63
Q

What is the function of cereals, brown rice, meat and vegetables

A

Helps make energy, proteins and red blood cells and many other function

64
Q

What is the function of green vegetables, oranges and guavas

A

Helps fight infections

65
Q

What is the function of margarine, eggs

A

Helps make strong bones

66
Q

What is the function of Spinach, other green leafy vegetables, carrots, avocado pears and butter

A

Protects the skin

67
Q

What is the function of broccoli and other dark green vegetables

A

Helps stop bleeding

68
Q

What food contains calcium and what is the function of it

A

Dairy foods like milk, yoghurt and cheese and it is to make teeth and bones strong

69
Q

What food contains iron and what is the function of it

A

Red meat, liver, green leafy vegetables and beans and the function is to make red blood cells which carry oxygen around your body and gives you energy

70
Q

What food contains zinc and what is the function of it

A

Meat, fish and poultry and it helps you grow

71
Q

What do you need to eat well

A

To eat well you must choose a mix of nutrient rich foods every day

72
Q

What are nutrient rich foods

A

Foods that have lots of nutrients but few calories

73
Q

What can calories tell you

A

How much energy you get from one serving of food.

74
Q

What happens if we don’t use up that energy

A

It gets stored in our bodies as fat

75
Q

What do all foods in packages, tins and containers have

A

A nutrient fact label

76
Q

How does a nutrient fact label work

A

All food label numbers are based on one serving size, even though the package or tin may contain several servings

77
Q

What is the % Daily Value on a fact label

A

It is the number given in percentage to show the amount of nutrients that a person will eat in one serving

78
Q

What do calories tell you

A

Calories tell you how much energy you get from one serving of food. If we do not use up all that energy, it gets stored in our bodies as fat

79
Q

What is sodium

A

Salt added to food for extra flavour. Too much sodium is bad for blood pressure

80
Q

What do processed foods usually contain

A

It usually contains extra sodium, fat and sugar. It often contains artificial flavouring and colouring.

81
Q

What is constipation

A

The difficulty in passing solid waste out of the body

82
Q

What is fibre

A

It helps to push waste out of the digestive system

83
Q

What is diabetes

A

A disease which results from high levels of sugar and in the blood

84
Q

What is a disease

A

An illness that stops our bodies from working properly

85
Q

What is rickets

A

A disease in children caused by a lack of Vitamin D

86
Q

What is tooth decay

A

Rotting teeth leading to holes in teeth

87
Q

What is an infection

A

Germs entering your body and causing problems

88
Q

What is a healthy diet

A

It is balanced and contains just the right amount of nutrients to keep your body healthy

89
Q

How many glasses of water does your body need every day

A

6-8 glasses

90
Q

What happens if you don’t drink enough water

A

Your brain does not work as well as it should
You can become constipated
Your blood vessels can become unhealthy
You can lose energy

91
Q

Where is fibre found

A

Fibre is found in plant food like fruit, vegetables and grains

92
Q

What does fibre prevent

A

Constipation and protects you from Diabetes and heart problems

93
Q

What do vegetables and fruits provide

A

It provides important vitamins that help fight infections and heal our bodies. It also contains fibre

94
Q

What do grains foods provide

A

It provides carbohydrates which gives our body energy.

95
Q

What is the main carbohydrate

A

Starch and it is found in pasta, cereals, bread and rice

96
Q

What do diary foods provide

A

It provides mineral such as calcium which keeps bones and teeth strong

97
Q

What do fats an oils provide

A

Keep you warm and provides energy

98
Q

What do meat, fish and beans provide

A

It provides protein that build and repair the body

99
Q

What does rickets disease cause

A

It causes children’s bones to become soft. Soft bones make legs bend and bow so they don’t work properly

100
Q

Where is Vitamin D found

A

It is found in Fish, Eggs and Sunlight

101
Q

How can you prevent tooth decay

A

By eating healthy diet and cleaning your teeth regularly

102
Q

What causes kids to be overweight

A

A bad diet and too little exercise.

103
Q

How is diabetes caused

A

Diabetes is caused by an unhealthy diet. The body can’t break down the sugar you eat. The blood has very high levels of sugar.

104
Q

When does diabetes occur

A

It occurs when the body can’t keep the right level of sugar in the blood.

105
Q

How is diabetes treated

A

With injections and tablets to control the level of blood sugar.

106
Q

What is a disease

A

A illness that stops the body from working properly

107
Q

What are fats

A

Nutrients that keep the body warm and supply energy

108
Q

What is a diet

A

Food eaten daily

109
Q

What are proteins

A

Nutrients to build and repair the body

110
Q

What a cabohydrates

A

Nutrients that provide energy

111
Q

Do all types of food have the same of amount of energy in them.

A

No, because each food type has a different role in your body

112
Q

What is micro-organisms

A

Very tiny organisms found near or on food which lead to food being spoiled.

113
Q

Why is food processed

A

To make it taste better ad to last longer.

114
Q

What are the 3 main reasons why we process food

A

Making food edible
Making food last longer
Improving food’s nutrient value

115
Q

What is pasteurising

A

It’s a process used to slow down the spoiling of food by heating and cooling the food quickly

116
Q

What does pasteurising help with

A

It helps to make food safe to eat

117
Q

What are food that spoil quickly called

A

Perishable foods

118
Q

What does perishable mean

A

Fresh food products that will spoil quickly over time if not kept in the freezer

119
Q

What does preserving mean

A

Processing food in such a way as to prevent or slow down the spoiling of the food

120
Q

What can we do to make it last longer

A

We can use the preserving method.

121
Q

What methods of preserving is there

A 
Freezing
Pickling
Smoking
Dehydration
Canning
Packaging
122
Q

What is fermentation

A

Special bacteria are added to food products to start the fermenting process that will improve the final food product’s flavour and texture.

123
Q

What is fermentation used for

A

To make bread and for pickling

124
Q

How is milk turned into cheese and yoghurt

A

By the fermentation of fungi and bacteria

125
Q

What can processing of food lead to

A

It can lead to the loss of nutrients in food

126
Q

How does processing food work

A

It uses high levels of heat or exposure to light or air and this will cause the food to lose many of its nutrients. During the cooking process, added fluids can wash out the nutrients in food.

127
Q

What happens when food is heated, dried or salted

A

It will increase the loss of nutrients

128
Q

Why is food processed

A

To make it safe to eat
To make it last longer
To make its nutrients last longer

129
Q

Name the 7 ways of processing food

A 
Combining food
Cooking food
Freezing food
Pickling food
Fermenting food
Drying food
Salting food
130
Q

Explain combining food

A

People cook and combine food with either water or oil or both on open stoves. Your body is most able to digest food that is properly combined an can also take in more of the nutrients found in food

131
Q

Explain cooking food

A

Foods that can’t be eaten raw are cooked, like eggs, potatoes etc. Cooking foods destroys harmful micro-organisms and parasites by applying heat. There are different cooking methods to make food taste good.

132
Q

Explain freezing

A

Freezing food will make it last longer.Low temperatures will cause micro-organisms to grow slower. You can also cook and freeze foods which will help it to be stored for long periods of time.

133
Q

Explain pickling

A

Pickling is done by soaking food in a mixture of salt and vinegar. this gives the food a salty or sour taste. Micro organisms can’t survive in salt or vinegar.

134
Q

Explain fermenting

A

It uses bacteria to change food into more digestible and nutritional material. It uses micro-organisms to improve the qualities of some food products. Fermenting food can also improve the flavours of some foods, like aged cheese.

135
Q

Explain drying food

A

When food is dried, water is removed from it. Drying completely changes the taste and texture of the food. When water is removed, micro-organisms can’t grow easily. Some dried food need to have water added again before you can eat them, like pasta

136
Q

Explain salting food

A

Micro-organisms can’t survive in high concentrations of salt. Meat and fish are always dried with plenty of salt to make biltong and dried fish (bokkoms). Adding salt to to the food acts as a preservative and is one of the oldest methods of preserving food. When food is salted, it becomes dehydrated. The dehydration process draws water out of the food

137
Q

Combining

A

Combining food can improve nutrient digestion in our bodies.Food is combined either through cooking or natural combining methods

138
Q

Cooking

A

Cooked foods provide tasty meals and gets rid of harmful micro-organisms

139
Q

Freezing

A

Freezing food at very low temperatures helps keep foods fresh for longer time periods

140
Q

Pickling

A

Soaking food in salt and vinegar solutio

141
Q

Fermenting

A

The process of using bacteria to break down foo to improve it

142
Q

Drying

A

Food is preserved by drying it. It changes the taste and texture of food

143
Q

Salting

A

Adding lots of salt to food

144
Q

What do traditional cultures do to preserve food

A

They store grain in underground tanks within the cattle pen
Vegetables are boiled, then cooled and dried
Different types of meat and cheeses are laid out to dry in the sun and wind or they are exposed to smoke to dry the food
Milk is left to go sour

145
Q

What is Amasi

A

The thickened part of fermented liquid.

146
Q

What is Amasi used for?

A

It is traditionally poured over mealie meal porridge. It is served in a clay pot and eaten with wooden spoons

147
Q

What are the health benefits of amasi

A

It maintains and restores our intestines to good health
It improves our ability to absorb the nutrients from the food we eat
It reduces diarrhoea
It improves our immune system.

NST Grade 6 Term 1 (1 decks)

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