NST Grade 6 Term 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is photosynthesis
A
The process by which plants make their own food
2
Q
What is chlorophyll
A
A substance that makes plants green
3
Q
What is carbon dioxide
A
A gas in the air that plants need for photosynthesis
4
Q
How does photosynthesis take place
A
It mainly takes place in the leaves of green plants. Chlorophyll give the leaves and other parts of the plant their green colour. Chlorophyll in the leaves absorbs energy from sunlight. Plants take in a gas called carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves. They also absorb water through their roots. Duringphotosynthesis, plants use the energy from the sunlight, carbon dioxide gas from the air and water to make glucose.
5
Q
What do plants make during photosynthesis?
A
Oxygen
6
Q
What is oxygen
A
A gas in the air tat living things need to stay alive
7
Q
What do plants change some of the glucose they make in their leaves into?
A
Starch
8
Q
Where do plants store starch
A
In fruits (like bananas) In their roots (like carrots) In their leaves (like spinach) In their stems (like celery) In their seeds (like corn)
9
Q
How can we test for starch
A
We can test it with Iodine. Iodine solution is yellow-brown in colour. The iodine changes to blue-black if starch is present. If there is no starch present, the iodine solution will stay yellow-brown.
10
Q
What is a hypothesis
A
A possible explanation for an observation that you can test by further investigation.
11
Q
How do plants make glucose sugar?
A
Mainly in their leaves by photosynthesis.
12
Q
What do plants use to make their food
A
Sunlight, carbon Dioxide and water.
13
Q
What do plants do to glucose
A
It changes it to starch and stores it in different parts of the plant
14
Q
What does starch do to Iodine solution
A
It changes it from brown-yellow to blue-black.
15
Q
Why are plants important
A
It helps to keep the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air constant.
16
Q
When do plants use carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen into the air?
A
During photosynthesis
17
Q
What do we do with oxygen
A
We breath in oxygen from the air around us, we breath out carbon dioxide into the air. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
18
Q
Explain the diagram to show the relationship between plants and air
A
Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Plants five off oxygen during photosynthesis.
Animals and humans breath out carbon dioxide
Plants use carbon dioxide.
19
Q
A plant makes food in its ___________ by the process of _______________
A
Leaves
photosynthesis
20
Q
A plant uses energy in the __________ as well as __________ and ___________ to make _____________
which can be changed into _____________ and stored
A
Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water Glucose Sugar Starch
21
Q
The plant gives off _____________ into the air which is used by people and animals
A
Oxygen
22
Q
What is a nutrient
A
The important parts of food needed by the body for energy and good health
23
Q
What is a diet
A
The difference foods a person or animal eats every dday
24
Q
What are food groups
A
The main types of foods
25
What are carbohydrates
A food type that gives energy to living organisms
26
What is protein
A type of food needed for growth and repair of the body
27
What are fats and oils
A food type that supplies a large amount of energy
28
What are vitamins and minerals
Parts of food needed to keep the body working well
29
What is an immune system
A system in the body that protects it from germs and disease
30
What are saturated fats
They come mainly from animal food products
31
What is sodium
Salt
32
What is processed food
Food that is made and changed from how it is found in nature
33
What do living organisms need to grow and stay healthy
Food
34
Why do living things need energy
To carry out the 7 life processes
35
What processes do living things need energy for
```
Feeding
Breathing
Moving
Growing
Excreting
Sensing
Reproducing
```
36
What does everything we eat contain
Nutrients
37
How are foods grouped
According to their functions in the body and the main nutrients they supply
38
What are the 4 main food groups
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats and Oils
Vitamins and minerals
39
What are carbohydrates used for
To keep the body warm and to provide all the energy it needs for growth and movement
40
What are the 2 main carbohydrates that we eat
Sugar and starch
41
Where do we find sugar
In fruits and products like jam and cooldrink
42
What happens if we eat too much sugar
It gets stored as fat in our bodies
43
What type of food product does not have all the important nutrients our bodies need
Sugar
44
In which foods do we find starch
Foods such as maize meal, potatoes, rice and some fruits like bananas
45
How does starch provide energy to the body
It gives the energy slow so the energy lasts longer
46
What is the most common form of carbohydrates in our diet
Starch
47
What percentage of our food comes from carbohydrates?
60%
48
What is protein used for
To build and repair a living organisms body and for growth
49
What helps your immune system fight off infection
Proteins
50
What is the job of the immune system
It protects your body from sickness and helps you get better if you are sick.
51
What are red blood cells responsible for.
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
52
What parts of the body is mostly made up of proteins
Muscles
Organs
Red blood cells
53
What types of foods contain proteins
```
Meat
Fish
Eggs
Nuts
Beans
```
54
Why is it important to eat the right amount of protein
Because protein is important to help repair any tissues that are damaged through normal use over the years. Protein give the body strength and is important for muscle growth
55
What food type gives the most energy out of all the food types
Oils and fats
56
How do oils and fats work in the body
They store energy in the form of body fats. These body fats form protective layers inside the body to protect the organs and keep some animals warm.
57
What types of foods are oils and fats
Nuts
Avocado
Sardines
Sunflower oil
58
Why is it not a good idea to eat too much fatty meat
Because it contains unhealthy fats known as saturated fats
59
How can you see if food contains oils or fats
You rub a bit of the food on brown paper and if a see-through stain appears and it does not dry or disappear it means that fat is present.
60
What is the job of vitamins and minerals
Vitamins and minerals work together with carbohydrates, proteins and fats to help our bodies grow and develop normally
61
Why do we need vitamins and minerals
To build strong teeth and bones, have good eyesight and a healthy immune system.
62
What is the function of carrots, pumpkin, butter and liver
Helps you see at night, helps your body fight infections
63
What is the function of cereals, brown rice, meat and vegetables
Helps make energy, proteins and red blood cells and many other function
64
What is the function of green vegetables, oranges and guavas
Helps fight infections
65
What is the function of margarine, eggs
Helps make strong bones
66
What is the function of Spinach, other green leafy vegetables, carrots, avocado pears and butter
Protects the skin
67
What is the function of broccoli and other dark green vegetables
Helps stop bleeding
68
What food contains calcium and what is the function of it
Dairy foods like milk, yoghurt and cheese and it is to make teeth and bones strong
69
What food contains iron and what is the function of it
Red meat, liver, green leafy vegetables and beans and the function is to make red blood cells which carry oxygen around your body and gives you energy
70
What food contains zinc and what is the function of it
Meat, fish and poultry and it helps you grow
71
What do you need to eat well
To eat well you must choose a mix of nutrient rich foods every day
72
What are nutrient rich foods
Foods that have lots of nutrients but few calories
73
What can calories tell you
How much energy you get from one serving of food.
74
What happens if we don't use up that energy
It gets stored in our bodies as fat
75
What do all foods in packages, tins and containers have
A nutrient fact label
76
How does a nutrient fact label work
All food label numbers are based on one serving size, even though the package or tin may contain several servings
77
What is the % Daily Value on a fact label
It is the number given in percentage to show the amount of nutrients that a person will eat in one serving
78
What do calories tell you
Calories tell you how much energy you get from one serving of food. If we do not use up all that energy, it gets stored in our bodies as fat
79
What is sodium
Salt added to food for extra flavour. Too much sodium is bad for blood pressure
80
What do processed foods usually contain
It usually contains extra sodium, fat and sugar. It often contains artificial flavouring and colouring.
81
What is constipation
The difficulty in passing solid waste out of the body
82
What is fibre
It helps to push waste out of the digestive system
83
What is diabetes
A disease which results from high levels of sugar and in the blood
84
What is a disease
An illness that stops our bodies from working properly
85
What is rickets
A disease in children caused by a lack of Vitamin D
86
What is tooth decay
Rotting teeth leading to holes in teeth
87
What is an infection
Germs entering your body and causing problems
88
What is a healthy diet
It is balanced and contains just the right amount of nutrients to keep your body healthy
89
How many glasses of water does your body need every day
6-8 glasses
90
What happens if you don't drink enough water
Your brain does not work as well as it should
You can become constipated
Your blood vessels can become unhealthy
You can lose energy
91
Where is fibre found
Fibre is found in plant food like fruit, vegetables and grains
92
What does fibre prevent
Constipation and protects you from Diabetes and heart problems
93
What do vegetables and fruits provide
It provides important vitamins that help fight infections and heal our bodies. It also contains fibre
94
What do grains foods provide
It provides carbohydrates which gives our body energy.
95
What is the main carbohydrate
Starch and it is found in pasta, cereals, bread and rice
96
What do diary foods provide
It provides mineral such as calcium which keeps bones and teeth strong
97
What do fats an oils provide
Keep you warm and provides energy
98
What do meat, fish and beans provide
It provides protein that build and repair the body
99
What does rickets disease cause
It causes children's bones to become soft. Soft bones make legs bend and bow so they don't work properly
100
Where is Vitamin D found
It is found in Fish, Eggs and Sunlight
101
How can you prevent tooth decay
By eating healthy diet and cleaning your teeth regularly
102
What causes kids to be overweight
A bad diet and too little exercise.
103
How is diabetes caused
Diabetes is caused by an unhealthy diet. The body can't break down the sugar you eat. The blood has very high levels of sugar.
104
When does diabetes occur
It occurs when the body can't keep the right level of sugar in the blood.
105
How is diabetes treated
With injections and tablets to control the level of blood sugar.
106
What is a disease
A illness that stops the body from working properly
107
What are fats
Nutrients that keep the body warm and supply energy
108
What is a diet
Food eaten daily
109
What are proteins
Nutrients to build and repair the body
110
What a cabohydrates
Nutrients that provide energy
111
Do all types of food have the same of amount of energy in them.
No, because each food type has a different role in your body
112
What is micro-organisms
Very tiny organisms found near or on food which lead to food being spoiled.
113
Why is food processed
To make it taste better ad to last longer.
114
What are the 3 main reasons why we process food
Making food edible
Making food last longer
Improving food's nutrient value
115
What is pasteurising
It's a process used to slow down the spoiling of food by heating and cooling the food quickly
116
What does pasteurising help with
It helps to make food safe to eat
117
What are food that spoil quickly called
Perishable foods
118
What does perishable mean
Fresh food products that will spoil quickly over time if not kept in the freezer
119
What does preserving mean
Processing food in such a way as to prevent or slow down the spoiling of the food
120
What can we do to make it last longer
We can use the preserving method.
121
What methods of preserving is there
```
Freezing
Pickling
Smoking
Dehydration
Canning
Packaging
```
122
What is fermentation
Special bacteria are added to food products to start the fermenting process that will improve the final food product's flavour and texture.
123
What is fermentation used for
To make bread and for pickling
124
How is milk turned into cheese and yoghurt
By the fermentation of fungi and bacteria
125
What can processing of food lead to
It can lead to the loss of nutrients in food
126
How does processing food work
It uses high levels of heat or exposure to light or air and this will cause the food to lose many of its nutrients. During the cooking process, added fluids can wash out the nutrients in food.
127
What happens when food is heated, dried or salted
It will increase the loss of nutrients
128
Why is food processed
To make it safe to eat
To make it last longer
To make its nutrients last longer
129
Name the 7 ways of processing food
```
Combining food
Cooking food
Freezing food
Pickling food
Fermenting food
Drying food
Salting food
```
130
Explain combining food
People cook and combine food with either water or oil or both on open stoves. Your body is most able to digest food that is properly combined an can also take in more of the nutrients found in food
131
Explain cooking food
Foods that can't be eaten raw are cooked, like eggs, potatoes etc. Cooking foods destroys harmful micro-organisms and parasites by applying heat. There are different cooking methods to make food taste good.
132
Explain freezing
Freezing food will make it last longer.Low temperatures will cause micro-organisms to grow slower. You can also cook and freeze foods which will help it to be stored for long periods of time.
133
Explain pickling
Pickling is done by soaking food in a mixture of salt and vinegar. this gives the food a salty or sour taste. Micro organisms can't survive in salt or vinegar.
134
Explain fermenting
It uses bacteria to change food into more digestible and nutritional material. It uses micro-organisms to improve the qualities of some food products. Fermenting food can also improve the flavours of some foods, like aged cheese.
135
Explain drying food
When food is dried, water is removed from it. Drying completely changes the taste and texture of the food. When water is removed, micro-organisms can't grow easily. Some dried food need to have water added again before you can eat them, like pasta
136
Explain salting food
Micro-organisms can't survive in high concentrations of salt. Meat and fish are always dried with plenty of salt to make biltong and dried fish (bokkoms). Adding salt to to the food acts as a preservative and is one of the oldest methods of preserving food. When food is salted, it becomes dehydrated. The dehydration process draws water out of the food
137
Combining
Combining food can improve nutrient digestion in our bodies.Food is combined either through cooking or natural combining methods
138
Cooking
Cooked foods provide tasty meals and gets rid of harmful micro-organisms
139
Freezing
Freezing food at very low temperatures helps keep foods fresh for longer time periods
140
Pickling
Soaking food in salt and vinegar solutio
141
Fermenting
The process of using bacteria to break down foo to improve it
142
Drying
Food is preserved by drying it. It changes the taste and texture of food
143
Salting
Adding lots of salt to food
144
What do traditional cultures do to preserve food
They store grain in underground tanks within the cattle pen
Vegetables are boiled, then cooled and dried
Different types of meat and cheeses are laid out to dry in the sun and wind or they are exposed to smoke to dry the food
Milk is left to go sour
145
What is Amasi
The thickened part of fermented liquid.
146
What is Amasi used for?
It is traditionally poured over mealie meal porridge. It is served in a clay pot and eaten with wooden spoons
147
What are the health benefits of amasi
It maintains and restores our intestines to good health
It improves our ability to absorb the nutrients from the food we eat
It reduces diarrhoea
It improves our immune system.
