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NST GRADE 5 TERM 4 > NST GRADE 5 TERM 4 > Flashcards

NST GRADE 5 TERM 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does your body use every day?

A

Energy

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2
Q

Where does your body get energy from

A

Walking, running, playing, food

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3
Q

Where does energy come from

A

From fuel

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4
Q

What is fuel

A

Something that can be eaten/burned to make heat, light and movement energy

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5
Q

What is energy from the used for

A

Plants use it to make food

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6
Q

Where do plants store energy

A

in their leaves, stems and fruit

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7
Q

What does food contain

A

Stored energy

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8
Q

What does wood contain

A

Stored energy that is released when you burn the wood

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9
Q

What is input energy

A

Energy we need to put in to start a fuel burning

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10
Q

What is output energy

A

The energy that is produced when a fuel burns (wood makes light and heat)

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11
Q

What fuels do you get

A

Coal
Natural Gas
Paraffin
Candle wax

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12
Q

What is energy used for

A

To make light and heat

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13
Q

What is petrol

A

It is a liquid fuel

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14
Q

What happens when petrol is burned in a car’s engine

A

Heat energy makes the engine work and makes the car move forward.

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15
Q

Give an example of fuels that need energy to start them burning

A

A Candle needs burning matches to set the wick alight

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16
Q

What happens when fuel starts burning

A

Stored energy inside is released and changed to other forms of energy like heat and light

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17
Q

What does fuel need to set them alight

A

Heat

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18
Q

What does fuel need to keep them burning

A

Oxygen and heat

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19
Q

What happens if any of elements are not there in a fire triangle

A

The fire will be extinguished

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20
Q

How does a candle snuffer work

A

A candle snuffer smothers the flame by preventing oxygen from reaching it. It then extinguishes the flame

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21
Q

What happens when you blow a candle

A

Your breath moves heat from the burning gas. If there is no heat, the fire will extinguish.

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22
Q

What happens when you put water on a fire

A

Water will take away the heat from the fire and thus extinguish the fire.

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23
Q

What must fire fighter do with a fire

A
  1. Remove all fuel from the fire
  2. Remove heat so that the fuel will stop burning
  3. They must smother the fire by preventing oxygen getting to the fuel.
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24
Q

What does an electrochemical cell do

A

It changes energy in chemicals into electricity

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25
Q

What is a battery

A

A source of stored energy that is made of one or more cells

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26
Q

What is a switch

A

It controls the electricity in an electric circuit

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27
Q

Are the two ends of a cell the same

A

No they are different. One is called the positive end and one is called the negative end

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28
Q

What happens when a torch is switched on

A

Chemical energy in the cells is changed into electricity.
The electricity goes to the light bulb
The bulb changes electricity into light energy

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29
Q

What will happen when all the energy in the cell has been transferred

A

The appliance will stop working - Cell/Battery is “flat”

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30
Q

What are rechargeable batteries

A

It is batteries that can be recharged.

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31
Q

What can happen with harmful chemicals in old batteries

A

They can leak out

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32
Q

What will happen if you put a battery in a fire

A

They can explode

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33
Q

What is an electrical circuit

A

It is a system when electricity is joined together in a loop that begins and ends at a battery

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34
Q

What does all electrical appliances have

A

A circuit that take electrical energy from the energy source to where it is needed and back to the source

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35
Q

What will happen if an electrical circuit of an appliance is broken

A

The appliance will not work

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36
Q

What is elastic

A

a material that returns quickly to its original shape after it has been bent or stretched

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37
Q

What does compress mean

A

To squeeze or push the parts of something together

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38
Q

What can elastic bands/springs be used for

A

To make things move

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39
Q

What do we need to do to bands/springs before they can move

A

We need to twist/stretch it

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40
Q

Till when can energy be stored

A

Until it is needed

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41
Q

What are batteries

A

Stores of energy

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42
Q

What is a hand-held catapult

A

It has a y-shaped frame, 2 strips of rubber and a pocket to hold a stone

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43
Q

An elastic material returns to its original shaped slowly or quickly

A

Quickly

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44
Q

An unstretched band has no or a lot of stored energy

A

No

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45
Q

A stretched band has no or a lot of stored energy

A

A lot of

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46
Q

The more you pull back the rubber of a catapult the closer or further the stone goes when you fire it

A

Further

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47
Q

To load energy in a compressed spring, you must push the ends together or stretch it

A

Stretch it

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48
Q

What can be eaten or burnt to make heat, light or movement energy

A

Fuel

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49
Q

What does wood contain that is released when we burn it

A

Stored energy

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50
Q

What does fuels need to set them alight

A

Oxygen

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51
Q

What is an idea or explanation that you try to prove by doing a scientific investigation

A

Hypothesis

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52
Q

When a stretched elastic band is released, the stored energy inside it changes to

A

Movement energy

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53
Q

We can store energy in a spring by doing what

A

Compressing it

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54
Q

We can store energy in an elastic by doing what

A

Stretching it

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55
Q

What is the orbit

A

The path of one object in space around another, such as the path of the Earth around the sun

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56
Q

What is revolution

A

The movement of an object in space around another object, such as the movement of the Earth around the Sun

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57
Q

What is an axis

A

An imaginary line passing through the centre of an object

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58
Q

What is rotation

A

The movement of an object around itself, such as the earth around its own axis

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59
Q

What direction does the Earth move around the Sun

A

Anticlockwise

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60
Q

What direction is clockwise

A

The same direction that the hands of a watch move around the watch

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61
Q

How long does it take for the earth to travel around the sun

A

365 days or 1 year

62
Q

How fast does the earth travel in it’s orbit

A

About 108000 km per hour or 30km per second

63
Q

what is the 4 positions of earth to the sun

A

March - 12 O’clock
December - 3 O’clock
September - 6 O’clock
June - 9 O’clock

64
Q

Where is the earth’s axis

A

The one end is at the North pole and the other end is at the south pole

65
Q

What does the earth move around

A

It’s own axis

66
Q

In which direction does the earth rotate

A

From east to west, in an anti-clockwise direction.

67
Q

How long does it take for earth to spin around it’s own axis

A

About 24 hours / 1 day

68
Q

What are the 2 main ways earth moves in space

A

It revolves around the sun in it’s orbit

It spins on it’s own axis

69
Q

How many important movements does earth have

A

2

70
Q

The earth revolves around the sun once in a

A

Year

71
Q

The pathway that the earth moves in around the sun is called its

A

Orbit

72
Q

The earth rotates around it’s axis once in a

A

Day

73
Q

The earth rotates from which side to which side

A

East to west

74
Q

Where is earth in it’s orbit every day of the year

A

In a different place

75
Q

The earth rotates around it’s axis how many times in a week

A

7 times

76
Q

What is a crust

A

A hard, rocky layer that is everywhere around earth, even under the water of the oceans

77
Q

What is the surface of the earth called

A

The crust

78
Q

What are oceans

A

Huge areas of the earth’s surface that is covered in water.

79
Q

What will you always find underneath soil and water

A

Rock

80
Q

What does life on earth depend on

A

Soil
Air
Water
Sunlight

81
Q

What do plants need to make their own food

A

Water
Air
Sunlight

82
Q

Why do plants need soil

A

To anchor their roots in the ground

83
Q

What do animals need to stay alive

A

Oxygen from the air and water they drink

84
Q

Where do animals get the energy they need from

A

From the food they eat

85
Q

What is topsoil

A

The layer of soil that lies on the surface of the earth

86
Q

What does decompose mean

A

Break down into smaller parts

87
Q

What is fertile soil

A

Soil in which plants can grow well

88
Q

What is subsoil

A

The layer of soil that lies underneath the topsoil

89
Q

What are the layers of soil

A

Top layer is Topsoil
Second layer is Subsoil
Third layer is Pieces of rock and soil
Last layer is Solid rock

90
Q

What colour is topsoil

A

Dark in colour

91
Q

What does topsoil have in it

A

Remains of dead plants and animals

92
Q

Which layer is the best to grow plants in

A

Topsoil layer

93
Q

What is soil in which plants grow well called

A

Fertile soil

94
Q

What does the word sub mean

A

It means under

95
Q

What can plant roots get from the sub soil

A

It can get nutrients

96
Q

What is below the subsoil

A

A layer of broken pieces of rock mixed with some soil

97
Q

Where does topsoil lie

A

On the surface

98
Q

How does topsoil form

A

It forms as rock on the surface of the earth breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces

99
Q

What is always underneath topsoil

A

More solid rock

100
Q

Why do farmers plant seeds to crow grops in on topsoil

A

Because it is so fertile

101
Q

How does rock become topsoil

A

Rock near the surface of the earth is in contact with water and air. Chemicals in the air cause this rock to weaken and crumble. The roots of plants growing in cracks in the rock also help to widen the cracks and break the rock down to smaller and smaller pieces. Dead plant and animal matter mixes with the pieces of rock and slowly topsoil forms

102
Q

What is a microscope

A

An instrument that makes small things appear much bigger

103
Q

What are coarse grains

A

Large soil grains

104
Q

What are fine grains

A

Very small soil grains

105
Q

What are soil grains

A

Small pieces of broken rock

106
Q

What is humus

A

Dark material in the soil made of fully decomposed remains of plants and animals

107
Q

What is eroded soil

A

Soil that has been wash away by water or blown away by wind

108
Q

How is soil usually mixed up

A

It is usually a mixture of different types of soil grains in different proportions

109
Q

What are large grains called

A

Sand Grains

110
Q

What are small grains called

A

Clay grains

111
Q

What are clay grains

A

Small pieces of grain that you can’t see unless you look at them through a microscope.

112
Q

What are the 3 main types of soil

A

Sandy soil;
Clayey soil
Loamy soil

113
Q

Describe Sandy soil

A

It is soil in which there are more coarse sand grains than fine grains. It feels gritty when you rub it between your fingers

114
Q

Describe Clayey soil

A

It has more fine grains of clay than coarse grains of sand. If you rub it between your fingers it feels smooth. Wet clayey soil is sticky and hold a shape

115
Q

Describe Loamy soil

A

It is a mixture of equal amounts of clay, sand and other soil grains. It contains humus. Humus makes loamy soil light and nutrient rich. Plants grow best in loamy soil

116
Q

What is between the grains of sand and clay in soil

A

Water and air

117
Q

Which soil can hold water better?

A

Clayey soil

118
Q

Why is sandy soil often dry after rain

A

Because water passes very easily through the large spaces in sandy soil

119
Q

Why does plants prefer loamy soil

A

Because it is a mixture of sandy soil and clay and it is not too wet or too dry.

120
Q

Why is smaller animals like earthworms important for soil

A

Because their movements takes material lying on the surface into the soil

121
Q

What does tiny soil organisms do to the remains of dead plants and animals.

A

It helps it to decompose.

122
Q

How should farmers farm

A

In a way that protects the soil from erosion so that there is enough fertile soil to grow food for people in the future.

123
Q

What is sedimentary rock

A

Rock that forms when sediments are deposited in layers and harden

124
Q

What does deposit mean

A

Drop or put down in a certain place

125
Q

What is sediments

A

Soil and pieces of broken rock deposited by a river or by the wind

126
Q

What does compact mean

A

Press together tightly

127
Q

What is shale

A

A kind of sedimentary rock made from clay/mud

128
Q

What is sandstone

A

A kind of sedimentary rock made from sand

129
Q

What is limestone

A

A kind of sedimentary rock made from the shells and bones of tiny sea animals

130
Q

What happens to rock over time

A

Rock breaks down into smaller pieces called grains over a long period of time.

131
Q

How can mud and sand be moved

A

Mud and sand are moved by wind and water. The sand and mud is washed away by water flowing over the surface of the earth after it has rained. They are carried down the river

132
Q

What happens to mud, dust and sand after it is moved

A

It is deposited in low lying areas.

133
Q

Name the 5 steps sedimentary rock is formed

A
  1. Rock breaks down into small grains
  2. Mud and sand are moved by wind and water
  3. Mud, dust and sand are deposited in low-lying areas
  4. New layers of mud and sand are deposited on top of existing layers
  5. The layers become compacted and hardened, and form sedimentary rock
134
Q

What can you always see within a sedimentary rock

A

You can always see layers

135
Q

Name 3 examples of sedimentary rock

A

Shale
Sandstone
limestone

136
Q

What do we use to make cement

A

Limestone.

137
Q

How is cement made

A

Limestone is crushed and mixed into small amounts of clay. The mixture is heated to almost 1500*C in a special oven. The powder is packed in bags

138
Q

What is sandstone and shale used for

A

They are used for buildings. Large pieces of rock can be cup up into building blocks. Shale can also be ground up and mixed with water to make clay bricks

139
Q

What is a fossil

A

The remains or signs of ancient plants and animals preserved in rock

140
Q

What does ancient mean

A

From a very long time ago

141
Q

What does preserved mean

A

Did not rot away

142
Q

Where are fossils preserved

A

In some layers of sedimentary rock

143
Q

What are most fossils

A

Most are plants and animals that do not live today. We say these organisms are extinct. We only know what extinct organisms existed because of their fossil remains

144
Q

How are fossils formed

A

If living things are trapped in layers, they may be preserved in the rock as fossils.

145
Q

What is the youngest and oldest parts of sedimentary rocks

A

The youngest part is the top layer

The oldest part is the bottom layer

146
Q

How do we know how old fossils are

A

The lower they are in the layers of the rock, the older they are.

147
Q

Name 2 types of fossils

A

Body fossils

Trace fossils

148
Q

What is a body fossil

A

Actual preserved body parts of a plant or animal. It is the hard parts of the body such as the bones, teeth, leaves etc. The soft parts rot away

149
Q

What do body fossils tell us

A

It tells us about the plant or animal’s body structure

150
Q

What is a trace fossil

A

It is preserved signs of animals such as footprints, eggs, burrows and droppings.

151
Q

What do trace fossils tell us

A

It gives us information about how the animal lived. Fossil droppings can tell us what the animal ate. Footprints can tell us if the animal walked on 2 or 4 legs.
Fossilized burrows may contain fossil bones from animals that lived there

152
Q

Which fossils look like organisms that live today

A

Some plants and animals like cycads

NST GRADE 5 TERM 4 (1 decks)

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