NSI General Flashcards
When providing illumination for attack runs or final approach to an LZ. Flares are most effective when:
Offset from the final attack/approach heading.
1) What visual Acuity can you achieve with Omnibus IV NVGs?
2) What is the minimum visual acuity allowed?
3) What is the visual acuity of the unaided eye at night?
1) 20/25
2) 20/30
3) 20/200 - 20/400
IR CAS: Where should the attacking A/C be relative to the IR pointer in an urban environment?
Behind if not directly overhead of the IR pointer.
During air taxi, excessive speed is indicative of what?
Failure to scan the abeam position.
Heavy objects have a ___________ thermal mass and tend to exchange heat ____________.
1) High
2) Slowly
Lightweight objects have ________ thermal mass and tend to exchange heat ____________.
1) Low
2) Quickly
What is the best method for conducting offset lasing for a HF missile?
OFFSET to the side, then smoothly move the spot along the ground to the base of the target.
What should aircrew do concerning their lateral separation under LLL conditions?
Decrease it.
What bearing will allow -2 to see both the lead A/C and terrain in his flight path within the NVG FOV?
A 20 to 30 degree bearing.
1) What is the maximum AOB recommended for a turn during NVG Escort operations?
2) What is the maximum recommended heading change between route segments during NVG Escort Operations?
1) 30 Degrees AOB
2) 60 Degrees of heading change
What type of escort optimizes the use of the FLIR?
Detached
During escort operations, which element of the flight should goggle first?
The escort element
what is the preferred secondary method of joining escort and assault A/C using NVGs?
Running Rendezvous
What position should escorts fly during LLL escort operations?
Welded Wing
Flying ____________ may aid in visual acquisition of the assault flight.
Step-Down
Assault A/C should use _____ ________ when calling out threats to attached escorts in a night environment.
Magnetic Heading
M257
1) How much correction should be made for every 10 kts of wind?
2) How many meters over the ground does this correlate to?
1) 5 degrees of heading change.
2) 300 m over the ground.
M257: 1 Degree of elevation change will increase flare altitude by how many feet?
150 feet
What profile do you use for an M257?
1) 15 degrees pitch up
2) Rocket travels 3500m downrange
3) Rocket climbs to 1800’ above launch altitude
What profile do you use for an M278?
1) 22 degrees pitch up
2) Rocket travels 3000m downrange
3) Rocket climbs to 2500’ above launch altitude
1) When employing rockets in the TERF environment, what type of fire is most accurate?
2) What maneuver will further increase accuracy?
1) Running Fire
2) Low Altitude Pop
Which employment mode of the M197 will have the least effect in terms of NVG degradation?
Fixed Forward
The Shipboard NVG Pattern (Charlie Pattern) is flown at:
1) Altitude above water?
2) Airspeed
3) How many feet abeam the ship?
1) 300’
2) 80 kts
3) 1600’ abeam
For initial CQ’s do you have to conduct a minimum 2 unaided landings prior to commencing initial night CQs?
No, unaided CQs are not a prerequisite for NVG CGs. You do, however, have to conduct a minimum of 2 unaided CQ’s during your initial CQs.
What is the most difficult aspect to determine when flying a NVG shipboard approach under LLL conditions?
Closure rate.
What are the 2 most important checkpoints on a route?
First and Last checkpoint
While modern NAV equipment must be used and employed to the fullest extent possible, what remains a critical skill for pilots?
Dead Reckoning
If you must fly into a rising or setting sun/moon, how much offset should you use when zigzagging towards it?
30 degrees
What is the first thing that should be marked when preparing a map for NVG navigation?
Checkpoints
No pilot shall sign for an A/C for a night flight without having flown that model in the last ________.
15 days
How much of the sun’s light does the moon reflect?
7%
TSS Tactical Laser spot size is approximately __________ inches at 3km.
18 inches
When will the LASER fire when WOG = Ground.
Only when conducting a boresight
What is the ANSI classification of the rangefinding LASER on the TSS
Class IV
1) What mode should TSS operators use to search for and classify targets?
2) What mode should TSS operators use to see or confirm a cue pattern?
1) White hot
2) Black hot
Which FOVs can the TSS LASER be fired in?
All FOVs
Tracer Burnout
1) M50
2) PGU
1) 1170 m
2) 1800 - 2200m (3.2 sec)
M278 provides IR energy in:
1) What Micron Rage?
2) Time
3) Type
1) 0.7 - 1.1 Microns (Peak at 0.8)
2) 180 seconds
3) Covert
What is the nomenclature of the covert flare launched from the SUU-25F/A?
LUU-19
Define: Sparkle
JTAC marks the target with an IR pointer
Can be initiated by the JTAC or aircrew
Define: Snake
Call made by exception for the JTAC to jiggle the IR beam on the target
Define the requirements for Type 1
JTAC requires control of individual attacks
JTAC must visually acquire the attacking aircraft and the target for each attack
Analysis of attacking aircraft geometry is required to reduce the risk of the attack affecting friendly forces.
Define the requirements for Type 2
JTAC requires control of individual attacks and any or all of the following conditions exist:
1) JTAC is unable to visually acquire the attacking aircraft
2) JTAC is unable to visually acquire the target
Define the requirements for Type 3
JTAC requires the ability to provide clearance for multiple attacks within a single engagement and any or all of the following conditions exist:
1) JTAC is unable to visually acquire the attacking aircraft
2) JTAC is unable to visually acquire the target
T/F: The light interference filter does not provide any additional protection for the human eye.
True
In general, flying over desert terrain is similar to flying over water (without the reflection) and is best accomplished at a ________ altitude or using __________ flight techniques.
1) Higher
2) Instrument
T/F: Obscurants such as smoke or haze impact FLIR performance much more than NVGs.
False
The “sparkling” effect over an NVG image is known as ____________.
Scintillation
For night flying, __________ should generally be the primary pilotage aid.
NVGs
T/F: Generally speaking, enroute altitudes should be flown as high as the treat will allow and still provide reference o the ground.
True
What is the advantage of using artificial illumination?
May permit the use of daylight operating procedures, flight techniques, and escort support procedures.
The helmet mounted sight has a _____ degree circular FOV.
40 degrees
All aircrew will be qualified _________ per appropriate T&R syllabus prior to commencing LLL syllabus training.
NSQ HLL
What type of points can’t be used as a flight plan or route, and how many can be stored?
1) Threats
2) 99
1) Can different NVGs be mixed in the same cockpit?
2) The same section?
1) No
2) Yes
T/F: Though not recommended, NVGs can correct some corrections required by glasses.
True, although they can not correct astigmatisms.
Sensor Postures: Neutral
Lead A/C’s responsibility is the friendly force
-2 is responsible for scanning the obj area back to the friendly force.
Sensor Posture: Offensive
Both A/C focus on the objective
Sensor Posture: Defensive
Lead A/C’s responsibility is the friendly force.
-2 is responsible for sanitizing the route directly in front of the friendly force.
What are the symbols that display in the HMSD EW display?
Triangle - RF Threat Christmas Tree - Missile Launch Asterisk - Laser Diamond G - HFI (10 symbols max)
Describe the method of initiating Precise Point via the TSS top page.
1) Input: Grid, Waypoint, Target, or threat into scratchpad
2) Press R5
When flying extended navigation legs the ________ degree bearing is preferred, which will keep the lead aircraft within the NVGs FOV and allow for greater situational awareness.
20 degree bearing
What is the most preferred method of joining a flight under NVG conditions?
1) On Deck
2) Running Rendezvous
What is Low Light Level
Less than 0.0022 Lux
Corresponds to a 20% moon disk, 30 degrees above the horizon.
During LLL conditions, escorts should consider _______ tactics rather than _______ principles.
1) Welded Wing
2) Radius of Turn
T/F: In the LZ, all offensive fires, to include the door guns of assault aircraft, are under the control of the EFL until such time as they can be released to the GCE.
True
Define: Terrain Density
The number of objects on the ground that can be seen
Define: Terrain gradient
The contour of the terrain, divided into 3 broad groups:
1) Flat
2) Rolling
3) Rough
Define: Terrain Slope
The measure of the tilt of the terrain
The quality of the FLIR image depends primarily on ________.
Humidity
What is the TSS FLIR window made of?
The material of the window is proprietary, but it does have a silicon film over it.
Prereqs for NSQ
1) 2101
2) 2301
3) 2606
4) 2607
Prereqs for ANSQ
1) NSQ
2) 2700
3) 2701
4) 2702
5) 2704
6) 2705
TSS FLIR micron range.
3-5 microns
6 sources of light available on a moonless night
1) Gegensheins
2) Auroras
3) Zodiac Lights
4) Notilucent Clouds
5) Airglow
6) Starglight
1) Thermal inertial is a combo of what?
2) What does it provide?
1) Thermal mass and thermal resistance
2) A measure of the rate at which objects change temperature
Best profile for boresight in flight.
1) 80 - 100 kts
2) Straight and Level
3) Heading should be maintained within 2 degrees of heading at boresight initation
How long before CAS TOT should an IR mark be initiated?
20 to 30 seconds prior to TOT
What is the spectral sensitivity of the AN/AVS-9 NVGs?
1) Spectral Sensitivity: 400 - 950 nanometers
2) Peak Sensitivity: 600-900 nanometers (matches near IR energy available in the night sky)
3) Minus Blue B filter: Filters everything below 665 nm
What is the spectral sensitivity of the human eye?
400-700 nanometers
How much brighter is the moon when it is Waxing (1st quarter) vs. Waning (3rd quarter)?
20% brighter
On a moonless night, about _________ of the light is provided by emissions from atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere known as ________.
1) 40% (0.00178)
2) Airglow
Starlight provides ________ Lux.
0.00022
The EM spectrum FLIR operates in is beyond ______ where the background is dominated by _________.
1) 4 microns
2) terrain self-emissions
What spectrum does the AN/AVS-9 NVG operate in?
Visible and Near IR
Define: Black Body
A perfect absorber or radiant energy
How long is a Lunar Month?
29.5 days
3 primary sources of thermal energy.
1) Fuel Combustion / Frictional Heat
2) Solar Radiation
3) Thermal Reflection
What are the 3 different twilights?
1) Civil - 6 degrees
2) Nautical - 12 degrees
3) Astronomical - 18 degrees
A FLIR’s ability to detect temperature difference is referred to as:
(MRTD)
Mean Resolvable Temperature Difference
What is the most significant source of thermal reflectivity?
Water
2 most prominent factors that dictate the amount of solar radiation available on a clear day.
1) Time of year
2) Time of day
How does Bright Source Protection work?
BSP circuitry limits the amount of electrons leaving the photocathode by reducing the voltage between the photocathode and the input side of the MCP.
Explain the function of the Automatic Brightness Control.
The ABC circuit automatically adjusts MCP voltage to maintain NVG image brightness at a preset output for a full range of ambient illumination levels by controlling the number of electrons that exit the MCP.
What does the Minus Blue Filter do?
Restricts the spectral content of energy entering the image intensifier tube below:
1) 625 nm for the Class A Filter
2) 665 nm for the Class B Filter
What can be added to NVGs to provide LASER protection?
Light Interference Filter (LIF)
The potential for __________ and ________ increases with increased head movement.
1) Disorientation
2) Fatigue
How long does it take for NVGs to recover from degaining from a right light?
Less than 1 second
What is one of the most common misadjustments made by inexperienced aircrew when utilizing AN/AVS-9s?
Improper Inter-Pupillary Distance (IPD)
Causes post flight loss of near depth perception.
What is the Objective Lens’ focal range
41 cm to Optical Infinity (beyond 150 feet)
Define: Density ( as it applies to terrain in NVD scene interpretation)
The number of objects on the ground that can be seen
What makes lights NVG compatible
When lights doe not fall within the spectral sensitivity range of the NVGs
When executing an NVG landing in a dusty landing zone, the approach should be ________ and _______.
Shallow and into the wind
1) What type of scan should you use in a dusty LZ?
2) What do large power deviations do to the “Brown Out”
1) Close in
2) Increase it
What is the best maneuver element size for an NVG flight?
The smallest element size capable of accomplishing the mission.
Best FLIR Gain and Level settings for:
1) Low Contrast Targets
2) Best over all
3) Heavy Fog / Dust
1) Level: Low Gain: Low to Med
2) Level: Low to Med Gain: Med
3) Level: Med Gain: Med to High
Using the IR search light provides a pilot a lighting equivalency _______ times greater than without the IR capability.
20,000 times greater
FLIR: How does a blooming effect hamper target ID in terms of shape and size?
Hotter objects tend to bloom, thereby smearing edges of objects. Making shape and relative size difficult to determine.
