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NSCI 314: DEVLIN > NSCI: FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

NSCI: FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

The property of growth and development appears to be

A

required but insufficient

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2
Q

When humans get hot, they sweat in order to reduce thier body temp. Which of the key properties of life is this an example of?

A

Adapting to environment

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3
Q

The fact that all cells used in life on Earth are based on teh same biochemistry suggests that

A

we all share a common ancestor

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4
Q

The atoms in a molecule are joined together by chemical

A

bonds

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5
Q

What is the maximum number of atoms that carbon can bond to?

A

4

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6
Q

Chemists refer to molecules containing carbon atoms as

A

organic

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7
Q

What is the MOST important role that nucleic acids play in living organisms on Earth?

A

They reproduce/transfer, read and store information

(Nucleic Acids =DNA & RNA)

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8
Q

What is the MOST important role that nucleic acids play in living organisms on Earth?

A

They reproduce/transfer, read and store information

(Nucleic Acids =DNA & RNA)

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9
Q

Lipids are more commonly known as

A

fats

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10
Q

The basic molecular building blocks of proteins are

A

amino acids

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11
Q

How many differenct amino acids are use to make the proteins foun in virtually all life on Earth?

A

20

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12
Q

Organisms whose cell lack a nucleus are called

A

Prokaryotes/ Prokaryotic cells

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13
Q

A photoautotroph gets its energy from

A

From carbon dioxide in the environment

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14
Q

Life on Earth can use a variety of different carbon and energy sources. However, the one thing that no organism on Earth can survive without is

A

liquid water

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15
Q

What is the complementary sequence corresponding tothe DNA fragment GATACA

A

CTATGT

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16
Q

A section of DNA that corresponds to a particular protein is known as a

A

codon

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17
Q

A section of DNA that corresponds to a particular protein is known as a

A

codon

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18
Q

Any change in the base sequence of an organism’s DNA is referred to as a

A

mutation

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19
Q

Organisms which have evolved to survive under severe environmental conditions are referred to as

A

extremophiles

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20
Q

Organisms that are found living close to volcanic vents on the ocean floor are referred to as

A

thermophiles

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21
Q

The process of converting a sequence of nucleotides in RNA into a protein is called

A

translation

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22
Q

What are the two major functions of DNA?

A

Copying itself and making proteins

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23
Q

What is the product of Transcription?

A

RNA

24
Q

Which of the following bases is used in RNA, but not DNA?

A

Uracil

25
Q

Which of the following is true of stromolites?

A

All: they produce energy by photosynthesis, grow as sediments are deposited, and are identical to modern living stromolites

26
Q

Microfossils are

A

chemoautotrophs

27
Q

Most of the earliest living organisms:

A

are probably extinct

28
Q

The most likely location for life to have started is:

A

under water

29
Q

The Miller-Urey experiment showed that what molecules form spontaneously?

A

Amino acids and bases

30
Q

The prevailing theory is that ________ formed first

A

RNA

31
Q

Prokaryotic cells are/have

A

no nucleus and are anaerobic

32
Q

The rise of oxygen in early evolution created an oxygen crisis because early organisms couldn’t use oxygen and would need to eith move away from the oxygen or evolve new metabolic pathways to deal with the new atmospheric conditions.

A

True

33
Q

What conditions existed during the Cambrian explosion that led to the extreme leel of diversification that we see during this time?

A

All: increase in atmospheric oxygen, absence of organisms capable of large scale predation, evolutionary conditions in DNA sufficient to allow for nich complexity

34
Q

Tiktaalik was an extremely important water to land trasition animal discovered in teh 1990s. This animal was unique because it had:

A

wrist and hand bones

35
Q

Mass extinction has happened many times in Earth’s history. Some of the things that are gypothesized to have contributed to these periods of mass extinction are:

A

All: impacts, periods of extreme volcanism, climate change, and magnetic field flips

36
Q

This picture is our best guess of how human evolution proceeded:

A

false

37
Q

The further we go back in time, the more _____ the fossil record becomes

A

incomplete

38
Q

Life on Earth was widespread by around:

A

3.5 bya

39
Q

Which of the following was not one of the three requirements for life to begin on Earth?

A

Oxygen

40
Q

How many moons are in the inner solar system?

A

3

41
Q

Which of the following is a more likely candidate for life in the solar system outside of earth?

A

Europa, Mars, Titan (E.M.Ts save lives in the solar system)

42
Q

Which of the following is the only moon with an atmosphere?

A

Enceladus

43
Q

Which of the following statements is true of Mars?

A

Mars is cold, with a small atmosphere, and low pressure at the surface, making liquid water absent.

44
Q

Rod shaped organic molecules have been found on asteroids from Mars that are consistent with life

A

true

45
Q

What are the four main chemical elements that we look for when determining if an environment is suitable for life as we know it?

A

(COHN) Carbon, oxygen, hyrogen, nitrogen

46
Q

Which of the following planets has teh most amount of solar energy?

A

Mercury (the closer to the sun, the more solar energy.

47
Q

Which of the following is a polar molecule?

A

water

48
Q

Which of the following is a major contributing factor to the lack of liquid water on Mars?

A

low surface temperature and low atmospheric pressure on the surface

49
Q

Which of the following 4 basic requirements for life present and in a reasonable location on all of the Jovian planets?

A

chemical elements

50
Q

The term “habitable zone” refers to

A

the region surrounding a star in which a planet would have temeratures allowing liquid water to exist on its surface. (it is only btwn Venus and Mars, so only the space Earth occupies)

51
Q

Place the following planets, and habitable zone boundaries in order from closest to the Sun (first) to furthest from the sun (last)

A
  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Inner habitable zone boundary
  4. Earth
  5. Outer boundary of habitable zone
  6. Mars
  7. Jupiter
52
Q

Which of the following factors has no bearin on the size of the habitable zone around a star:

A

the size of the planet.

Important factors are brightness, greenhouse effect, and distance from the star

53
Q

Stars dimmer than the sun have:

A

narrower habitable zones, decreasing the odds of finding habitable planets but much longer lifetimes allowing life to appear and evolve

54
Q

Which of the following is not a factor in the habitability of a planet:

A

whether oxygen builds up in the atmosphere

55
Q

How does the twin paradox help with interstellar travel near the speed of light?

A

less time will pass for the traveller who travels at near the speed of light than will pass on Earth.

56
Q

Our first contact with extraterrestrial intelligence would likely to be

A

communication via electomagnetic waves

57
Q

Which of the following questions best represents what we call Fermi’s paradox?

A

Why haven’t we found evidence of alien civilization?

NSCI 314: DEVLIN (1 decks)

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