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Nsc 232 Exam 3 > NSC 232 EXAM 3 > Flashcards

NSC 232 EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

kidneys?

A
  • most people have 2.
  • they are bean shaped and are located at 11th and 12th rib area.
  • about the size of an orange
  • weigh 150g
  • Form and produce urine
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2
Q

Ureters

A
  • connects kidneys to the bladder.
  • muscular tubes that propel urine through a periostolic movement.
  • have nerve endings
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3
Q

Bladder

A
  • 2 spinchters where ureters connect that close in order to prevent reflux of urine
  • have stretch receptors that detect the stretch of the bladder wall and send a signal that it is time to void.
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4
Q

Urethra

A
  • small tube that drains the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
  • Female: 1.5 in
  • Male: 8 to 9 in
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5
Q

Void

A

discharge or emit urine

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6
Q

Urination

A

medical term for evacuating the urine from the bladder

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7
Q

Micturition

A

discharge of urine from the bladder

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8
Q

how much volume can bladder hold?

A

250-450 mL

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9
Q

What is the final control of the bladder?

A

Cerebral cortex

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10
Q

Process of micturition

A

Urine collects in the bladder, pressure stimulates receptors in the bladder wall.

The receptors transmit impulses to the spinal cord

Internal and external spinchters relax, pushing urine through the urethra.

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11
Q

What are the factors that affect elimination?

A 
Lifestyle factors
Psychosocial 
Activity & exercise
Developmental factors
Physiological factors
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12
Q

What is the normal color and odor of urine?

A

Normal- yellowish and clear, faint smelling
Abnormal- orange or reddish and cloudy, strong smelling
URINE SHOULD BE FREE OF MICROBES

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13
Q

Range of pH of urine?

A

4.5-8

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14
Q

Specific gravity range

A

1.010 to 1.0125

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15
Q

Things that should not be in urine

A
  • glucose
  • ketone bodies (made by breakdown of muscle)
  • blood
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16
Q

Dysuria

A

discomfort, pain, or burning when urinating

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17
Q

Oliguria

A

small amounts of urine, typically less than 30 mL/hr or 500mL/day

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18
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine

less than 100 mL/day

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19
Q

Polyuria

A

Large amounts of urine

more than 2000mL/day

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20
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary urination while sleeping

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21
Q

Urinary obstruction

A

Blocking urination

Kidney stones, sludge, swelling

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22
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Caused by bacteria entering the urinary Tract

- frequent urge to urinate, burning while urinating, pelvic pain, strong smelling Urine

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23
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination

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24
Q

Retention

A

Abikily to hold in urine

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25
Q

Urinary diversion

A

Surgical procedure to reroute urine

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26
Q

How can you prevent UTI’s?

A
  • take showers (personal hygeine)
  • drink 6 to 8 glasses of water daily
  • practice frequent voiding
  • avoid harsh soaps, bubble baths, powders or sprays, tight clothing
  • wear cotton underclothes
  • wipe front to back
  • wash hands
27
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine by increased abdominal pressure

- ex: coughing

28
Q

Urge incontinence

A

Frequency of urine in small amounts

- ex: UTIS’s

29
Q

Total incontinence

A

No control over urine at all

- ex: muscle related problems

30
Q

Factors related to urinary incontinence?

A
  • muscle function
  • bladder infection
  • impaired ability
  • environmental barriers
31
Q

Urinary Retention characteristics

A

Unable to void
Overflow incontinence
Bladder stretches to its limits

32
Q

Factors related to urinary retention?

A

post surgical clients, indwelling catheter recently removed, obstructions

33
Q

how to measure urine output

A

empty urine into graduate, voiding urine hat or urinal from catheter

34
Q

Residual urine

A

what is left in the bladder after urination

35
Q

How do you measure residual urine?

A

Pt voids, then collect.

use in and out catheter to collect urine left in bladder

36
Q

Standard catheter size?

A

16 French

37
Q

Catheter sizes

A

Use French scale
#14 fr to #16 fr (16 is larger)
men may require larger size than female

38
Q

How to care for client with an indwelling catheter?

A
  • encourage water
  • watch intake of foods that create acidic urine
  • good perennial care
  • change only when necessary
  • maintain a sterile field when inserting and after remain sterile around site of insertion
  • hand hygeine
39
Q

Responsibility for actions

A

what a nurse can or can’t do

40
Q

Dispensing controlled substances

A

Must be kept under key
whenever you take one out, count how many are left and count how many are left at the end of the shift.
2 nurses must witness

41
Q

Medication

A

substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, or treatment or relief of symptoms for prevention of disease

42
Q

Mechanism of action

A

changes the medicine causes in the cell of the body to produce the desired effect

43
Q

Therapeutic effect

A

Intended effect

44
Q

Side effects

A

Things that happen after someone takes the medication

45
Q

Adverse effects

A

Mild to severe reactions

46
Q

Drug interwctions

A

The interactions between 2 or more drugs

47
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body

48
Q

Part 1: absorption of medication

A

transference of drug molecules from the point of entry until it reaches the blood stream

49
Q

Part 2: Distribution of medication

A

stets with the absorption of the medicine into circulation and ends when it arrives at the site of action

50
Q

part 3: biotransformation

A

process of in activating and breaking down the medication

51
Q

part 4: excretion

A

movement of the medicine from the site of metabolism back into circulation and then transported out of the body

52
Q

Drug allergy

A

immunologic reaction to drug

53
Q

Drug tolerance

A

need increasing doses to maintain a therapeutic effect

54
Q

Components and processing of medication orders

A 
date and time
medication name
dose
route
frequency
signature
55
Q

Standing orders

A

routine basis

56
Q

PRN orders

A

as needed

57
Q

Single orders

A

one time only

58
Q

STAT orders

A

immediately

59
Q

oral route (po)

A

sublingual- absorbed through mucous membranes under the tongue
buccal- absorbs through cheek

60
Q

Enteric coating

A

a coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and disintegrate in the intestines

61
Q

Routes of non-parenteral medication

A 
topical 
rectal
vaginally
transdermal 
inhalation
ophthalmic
otic
nasal
62
Q

6 rights of medication administration

A

Right…

  • drug
  • dose
  • patient
  • route
  • time
  • documentation
63
Q

10 rights of accurate medication administration

A

Right..

  • medication
  • dose
  • time
  • route
  • patient
  • documentation
  • education
  • refuse
  • assesment
  • evaluation

Nsc 232 Exam 3 (1 decks)

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