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Finals Revision Medicine > NSAIDs and analgesics > Flashcards

NSAIDs and analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

What are commonly prescribed analgesics Called

A

NSAIDS

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2
Q

What does NSAID stand for

A

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

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3
Q

What are NSAIDs used for

A

Widely used to:

  1. Relieve pain
  2. Reduce inflammation
  3. Bring down temperature
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4
Q

What is the major mode of action of NSAIDs

A

Inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase enzymes 1 and 2 to reduced prostaglandin synthesis

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5
Q

What do prostaglandins produce

A
  1. Analgesic actions
  2. Antipyretic action
  3. Inflammatory actions
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6
Q

Talk through the synthesis of prostaglandins

A
  1. Phospholipid are broken down by phospholipids into Arachidonic acid
  2. Arachidonic acid is broken down by Cyclic oxygenase (COX1, COX2) into Cyclic endopeloxides PGG2
  3. Cyclic endopeloxides PGG2
    is broken down by Cyclo oxygenase into prostaglandin
  4. prostaglandin
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7
Q

Give examples of

A

PGE2
PGD2
PGF2A

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8
Q

Name the 2 Cyclic oxygenase enzymes

A

COX1

COX2

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9
Q

Describe COX 1

A
  1. It is constitutionally active
  2. Expressed in many tissues eg kidneys, blood vessels, stomachs
  3. Unwanted/ adverse affects of NSAID are predominately down to COX 1
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10
Q

Describe COX 2

A

Is an inducible enzyme inducted by inflammatory cells

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11
Q

The unwanted effects of NSAIDS are due to which COX enzyme

A

COX1

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12
Q

How are NSAIDS effective painkillers

A

They stop prostaglandin synthesis

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13
Q

Talk through the antipyretic effect of NSAIDS

A
  1. Bacteria leads to infection in a healthy body
  2. Bacterial toxin released
  3. Macrophages activated
  4. NSAIDS block COX2 metabolised PG synthesis
  5. This returns the body back to normal rather than pyrexia occurring
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14
Q

What are the anti inflammatory effects of NSAIDS due to

A

COX-2 inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis leads to:

  1. Less vasodilaiton
  2. Less tissue oedema
  3. Less sensitisation of nociceptors
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15
Q

Define analgesia

A

Reduced sensitisation of nociceptors

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16
Q

Name the most common NSAID agents

A
  1. Salicylates e.g. aspirin
  2. Paracetamol
  3. Proprionic acid derivatives EG ibuprofen, naproxen
  4. Selective COX-2 inhibitors
  5. Enoic acids
17
Q

Give an example of salicylates

A

Aspirin

18
Q

What is aspirin made of

A

acetylsalicylic acid

19
Q

Give examples of Proprionic acid derivatives

A

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

20
Q

why might we prefer Proprionic acid derivatives over aspirin

A

As Proprionic acid derivatives are better tolerated in regards to gastrointestinal effects

21
Q

Give examples of selective COX-2 inhibitors

A

etoricoxib
celecoxib
parecoxib

Finals Revision Medicine (4 decks)

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