NSAIDs Flashcards
NSAIDS block ______, which is one of the end products of the arachidonic acid pathway
Prostaglandins
This pathway is involved in the development of inflammation and its associated clinical signs
Arachidonic acid pathway
What type of effect does prostacyclin (PGI2) have?
Anti-platelet effect (inhibits platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation)
What is the effect of thromboxane A2?
It results in vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation
Remember, thromboxane = thrombus
What are some of the effects of prostaglandin (E2)?
- major proinflammatory mediator and pain
- vasodilation
- decreased GI motility
- fever
This is induced by COX-2 in inflammation
Prostaglandin (E2)
What are some effects of PGF2a?
- vasoconstriction
- bronchoconstriction (avoid in asthmatics)
- contraction of uterine and GI smooth muscle
- luteolysis/synchronization of estrus
This enzyme maintains integrity of GI mucous membranes, renal blood flow, etc
Cox 1 enzyme
This is an inducible enzyme that is responsible for the damaging effects of inflammation
Cox 2 enzyme
(T/F) Specificity of most drugs is overcome at high doses regarding Cox selectivity
True
Drugs that end in -coxib are the most (COX-1/COX-2) selective
COX-2
What are some general pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs?
- High oral bioavailability
- Small volume of distribution
- Hepatic metabolism
- Renal elimination
What are some clinical uses for NSAIDs?
- Antipyretic
- Analgesia (osteoarthritis and post-op pain)
- Endotoxemia/sepsis
- Anti-coagulant activity
What NSAIDs are appropriate for us in dogs?
Carprofen, meloxicam, firocoxib, robenacoxib, deracoxib
What NSAIDs are appropriate for us in cats?
Meloxicam and Robenacoxib
What NSAIDs are appropriate for us in horses?
Flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen, firocoxib, diclofenac
What is the most common side effect of NSAIDs in dogs and cats?
Gastritis (occurs after 3-5 days of dosing)
What specific GI adverse effect happens with NSAIDs?
GI ulcers
What NSAID is most associated with gastro-duodenal perforations in dogs?
Meloxicam
Inhibition of theses two things causes nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect of NSAIDs
PGE2 and PGI2
What blood related adverse effect can NSAIDs have?
Hemorrhage due to the effect on platelets
ALL NSAIDs cause what adverse effect in mainly dogs
Hepatotoxicity
What rule do you go by when dosing NSAIDs?
Lowest effective dose at longest effective duration
