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NS1881 > NS1881 Glossary > Flashcards

NS1881 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

A_

A

Without

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2
Q

Active ROM exercises

A

Isotonic exercises in which the person moves each joint in the body through its complete range, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over the joint.

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3
Q

Activities of daily living

A

Refers to activities required to independently care for oneself.

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4
Q

Activity tolerance

A

The type and amount of exercise or daily activities an individual can perform.

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5
Q

Actual problem statement

A

Justine is experiencing acute pain related to headache evidenced by patient statement of headache 7/10

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6
Q

Acute pain

A

Pain that only last through the expected recovery period (less than 6 months), whether is has a sudden or slow onset and regardless of the intensity.

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7
Q

Aetiology

A

The cause, set of causes or manner of causation of a disease or condition.

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8
Q

Alopecia

A

The loss of scalp hair (baldness) or body hair.

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9
Q

Ambulation

A

The act of walking

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10
Q

Antiseptic

A

Any agent that inhibits or prevents the growth and multiplication of microorganisms that produce disease.

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11
Q

Anuria

A

The failure of the kidneys to produce urine, resulting in a total lack of urination or output of less than 100mL per day in an adult.

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12
Q

Apnoea

A

A complete absence of respiration

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13
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular heartbeat (too slow, too fast, or irregular)

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14
Q

Ascultation

A

The process of listening to sounds produced within the body.

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15
Q

Aseptic non touch technique

A

The method employed to help prevent contamination of wounds and other susceptible sites by organisms that could cause infection by ensuring only uncontaminated equipment and fluids come into contact with sterile/susceptible body sites during certain clinical procedures.

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16
Q

Aseptic non touch technique (standard)

A

Technically simple to achieve asepsis, short in duration (approx less than 20 minutes), relatively few, small key parts, relatively small key sites, general aseptic field.

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17
Q

Aseptic non touch technique (surgical)

A

Technically complex to achieve asepsis, procedures involve extended periods of time (longer than 20 minutes), large or numerous key parts, large open key site, main critical aseptic field.

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18
Q

Asepsis

A

Free from infection or pathogenic material.

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19
Q

Aseptic fields (maintenance of)

A

The nurse should ensure that the aseptic field, the key parts, and key sites are always protected.

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20
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Aims to prevent pathogenic organisms, in sufficient quantity to cause infection, from being introduced into susceptible body sites by the hands of staff, surfaces of equipment.

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21
Q

Aspiration

A

When something (food, fluid, object) enters the airways accidentally

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22
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of a lung or part of a lung.

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23
Q

Automatic external defibrillator

A

Battery operated device that senses cardiac rhythm, determines appropriateness of an electric shock to convert the rhythm to normal and can deliver a shock manually or automatically.

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24
Q

Bariatric

A

Patients who are obese or severely obese (120kg or more, BMI 35 or more, hip width 51cm or more when seated)

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25
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

Rate of energy utilisation in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing

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26
Q

Basic life support

A

Provision of maintenance of the airway, breathing, circulation.

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27
Q

Bed rest

A

Strict confinement to bed or the person may be allowed to use a bedside commode or have bathroom privileges.

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28
Q

Body image

A

Image of physical self - How a person perceives the size, appearance and functioning of their body and its parts

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29
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

Indicate whether body weight is appropriate for body height

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30
Q

Brady

A

Slow

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31
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute.

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32
Q

Bradypnoea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respiration per minute.

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33
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding of teeth in sleep

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34
Q

Cachexia

A

Wasting syndrome or anorexia cachexia syndrome

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35
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Compound critical to provision of energy to body cells. Main source of energy providing fuel for the brain, nervous system, skeletal muscle and cellular processes.

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36
Q

_cardia

A

Heart

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37
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

The cessation of heart function.

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38
Q

Cardiopulmonary reuscitation

A

Technique of providing rescue breathing and effective chest compressions to restore oxygenation and circulation.

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39
Q

Causative agent

A

A microorganism which is directly or indirectly responsible for causing the applicable disease.

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40
Q

Chest compressions

A

Compression of the chest performed during CPR by placing pressure on the lower third of the sternum.

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41
Q

Cholesterol

A

A lipid that does not contain fatty acids but possesses many of the chemical and physical properties of other lipids

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42
Q

Chronic pain

A

Prolonged pain, usually recurring or persisting over 6 months or longer and interferes with functioning.

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43
Q

Clinical reasoning

A

A process in which a nurse processes information, comes to an understanding of a problem or situation, develops, implements and evaluates plans whilst using reflection to learn from outcomes.

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44
Q

Constipation

A

Passage of small, dry, hard stool or passage of no stool for an abnormally long time.

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45
Q

Contusion

A

An injury to the body which does not break the skin. It can exhibit swelling, discolouration and pain, and is known as a bruise.

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46
Q

Comprehensive assessment

A

Assessment carried out on first entry to healthcare settings. Includes health history and physical examination. Used for care planning

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47
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems, due to damae to the airways or lungs (sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis)

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48
Q

COWS

A

Method to assess for responsiveness - Can you hear me, open your eyes, what’s your name, squeeze my hand

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49
Q

Critical aseptic field

A

Area where sterile equipment is placed during an aseptic procedure. Critical aseptic fields are used when Key parts/sites are large or numerous and can’t be easily protected by covers or caps or can’t be handled with a non-touch technique.

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50
Q

Critical thinking

A

A complex collection of cognitive skills and affective habits of the mind.

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51
Q

Cutaneous

A

Relating to or affecting the skin.

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52
Q

Cynotic

A

Marked by or causing a bluish or purplish discoloration (as of the skin and mucous membranes) due to deficient oxygenation of the blood

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53
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of infected and necrotic tissue

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54
Q

Defecation

A

Expulsion of faeces from the rectum and anus.

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55
Q

Dehiscence

A

The partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound

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56
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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57
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin, marked by redness and itching.

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58
Q

Dermis

A

Connective tissue layer between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue

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59
Q

Diarrhoea

A

Defecation of liquid faeces and increased frequency of defecation.

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60
Q

Diastole

A

The period during which the ventricles relax.

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61
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest.

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62
Q

Digestion

A

The process of converting food into substances that the body can utilise

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63
Q

Disinfectant

A

A chemical preparation capable of killing or inactivating microorganisms.

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64
Q

Diuresis

A

An increase in the production of urine.

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65
Q

Dys_

A

Difficult

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66
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Difficult or laboured breathing

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67
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficult swallowing

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68
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult voiding.

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69
Q

Epithelialising

A

Epitheselialisation is the final stage of wound healing and is pink/white in colour

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70
Q

Eu_

A

Normal

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71
Q

Eupnoea

A

Normal, quiet breathing.

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72
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Knowing ones emotions, managing emotions, motivating oneself, recognising emotions in others, and handling relationships.

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73
Q

Encopresis

A

Faecal incontinence not associated with a physical condition or disease.

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74
Q

Entereal nutrition

A

Nutrition delivered to the gastrointestinal system.

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75
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary passing of urine in children after bladder control is achieved.

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76
Q

Environmental control (infection risk)

A

Many factors in the clinical environment can increase the risk of infection and patient harm during a procedure. Where practical, these factors should be removed.

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77
Q

Epidermis

A

Most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of substances into the body

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78
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

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79
Q

Eschar (necrotic) wound

A

Eschar, pronounced es-CAR, isdead tissue that sheds or falls off from the skin. It’s commonly seen with pressure ulcer wounds (bedsores). Eschar is typically tan, brown, or black, and may be crusty

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80
Q

Excoriation

A

Loss of the superficial layers of the skin

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81
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues / Material, such as fluid and cells, that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces

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82
Q

Faecal incontinence

A

An inability to control the bowel movements.

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83
Q

Faeces

A

Body wastes and undigested food eliminated from the bowel.

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84
Q

Flatus

A

Gas or air normally present in the stomach or intestines.

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85
Q

Focussed assessment

A

A thorough assessment that targets a particular body system to further investigate problems identified.

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86
Q

Fowler’s position

A

A bed sitting position with the head of the bed raised 45 to 90 degrees.

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87
Q

Gait

A

The way a person walks.

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88
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

Whole body response to stress.

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89
Q

General aseptic field

A

Simple aseptic field where there may be a small number of key parts and small key sites

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90
Q

Gingivitis

A

Red, swollen gingivia (gums).

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91
Q

Glycosuria

A

A high level of sugar in the urine, a symptom of diabetes mellitus.

92
Q

Granulation

A

Happens during the proliferative stage of healing, granulated tissue grows from the base of the wound and can typically fill any size wound, young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in wound healing process

93
Q

Haem_

A

Blood

94
Q

Haemoserous

A

Type of exudate typical in inflammatory or proliferative healing phase. Appears clear to yellow with a pink tinge

95
Q

Haemostasis

A

First stage of wound healing when blood clot forms

96
Q

Haematoma

A

A collection of blood in a tissue, an organ or a space due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.

97
Q

Haematuria

A

The unusual presence of blood in the urine, as a result of injury or disease of the kidney or bladder.

98
Q

Halitosis

A

Offensive odour of the breath.

99
Q

Hand hygiene

A

There are critical moments before, during and after an invasive procedure or a procedure requiring aseptic technique when hand hygiene should be performed

100
Q

Health behaviours

A

Action a person takes to understand their health, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness or injury and reach maximum physical and mental potential.

101
Q

Health belief

A

A concept about health that an individual believes to be true.

102
Q

Health history

A

An interview focussing holistically on human response to illness

103
Q

Healthcare Associated Infection

A

Infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility.

104
Q

Hygiene cares (considerations)

A

Balance, ability to sit unsupported, activity tolerance, presence of pain, cognition, motivation.

105
Q

Hyper_

A

Above normal, high

106
Q

Hypertension

A

An abnormally high blood pressure; over 140mmHg systolic and/or 90mmHg diastolic.

107
Q

Hypo_

A

Below normal, low

108
Q

Hypotension

A

Blood pressure that is below normal; that is, a systolic reading consistently between 85 and 110mmHg in an adult whose normal pressure is higher than this.

109
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body.

110
Q

Immobility

A

Prescribed or unavoidable restriction of movement in any area of a person’s life.

111
Q

Immobility - impacts on life stages

A

Children - can delay gross motor skills and intellectual development. Adolescent - may alter growth patterns, loss of independence, social isolation. Older adults - Accelerates functional loss and increases physical dependency.

112
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control the discharge or urine or faeces.

113
Q

Induration

A

Abnormally hard spot (skin)

114
Q

Infection

A

The disease process produced by micro-organisms.

115
Q

Initial assessment

A

Provides essential patient information about health status in order of clinical importance. Carried out on every encounter with patient.

116
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to enough quality or quantity of sleep.

117
Q

Inspection

A

The visual examination: assessment by using the sense of sight.

118
Q

Integumentary system

A

The skin and its derivaties (hair, nails) and the subcutaneous tissue.

119
Q

Interventions

A

Interventions should predominantly address the cause stated in a problem statement. If the cause cannot be addressed or resolved immediately then measures to reduce symptoms can be implemented (e.g pain relief administered whilst addressing the cause of swelling in tissue)

120
Q

Keytonuria

A

A state in which ketone bodies are excreted in the urine.

121
Q

Key part

A

The equipment or item that must be protected from contamination during an aseptic procedure

122
Q

Key site

A

A site on the patient that must be protected from contamination during an aseptic procedure

123
Q

Kilojoule

A

A metric measurement referring to the amount of energy required when a force of 1 newton moves 1 kg of weight 1m distance

124
Q

Lateral position

A

A side-lying position.

125
Q

Lipid

A

Otherwise known as fats. Is the most concentrated source of energy.

126
Q

Maceration

A

Occurs when skin has been exposed to moisture for too long. Skin looks soggy, feels soft, or appears whiter than usual

127
Q

Malnutrition

A

A state of sub-optimal nutrition and can result from insufficient or excessive total food intake.

128
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing of food.

129
Q

Melaena

A

Black faeces where the colour is caused by bleeding in the intestine.

130
Q

Mental health

A

Positive concept – in which person is individually and socially responsible, self-directive, displays self-awareness, possesses resilience and good functioning.

131
Q

Mental illness

A

Person experiencing thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours which adversely impact life, relationships or functioning.

132
Q

Metabolism

A

Refers to all biochemical reactions within the cells of the body.

133
Q

Micro critical aseptic field

A

Smaller parts of equipment that must be protected and kept sterile during an aseptic procedure

134
Q

Micturition

A

The process of emptying the bladder

135
Q

Mobilisation (early while hospitalised)

A

Prevents functional decline, promotes independence, decreases rick of muscle atrophy, atelectasis, DVT, pressure injuries and reduces length of stay.

136
Q

Mode of transmission

A

How a pathogen can be transferred from one person, object or animal to another

137
Q

Narcolepsy

A

An uncontrollable desire for sleep or attacks of sleep during the day.

138
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

Tube for providing enteral feeding that is inserted through the nose to the stomach.

139
Q

Necrotic/Eschar

A

Black material

140
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain experienced by people who have damaged or malfunctioning nerves because of illness, injury, or undetermined reasons.

141
Q

Nociception

A

Physiological process related to pain perception

142
Q

Nociceptive pain

A

Pain experienced when an intact, properly functioning nervous system sends signals that tissue is damaged, requiring attention and proper care.

143
Q

Nocturia

A

Voiding two or more times at night.

144
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

Involuntary passing of urine in sleep after voluntary bladder control has been gained.

145
Q

Nutrition

A

What a person eats and how the body utilises it.

146
Q

Nutritional assessment - ABCDE approach

A

Anthropometric: Height, weight, BMI, body circumference Biochemical: Haemoglobin, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count Clinical: Hair, nails, skin, mucous membranes, activity level Dietary: 24 hour food recall, food frequency record Environmental: Living conditions, education level, income

147
Q

Objective data

A

Information that is detectable by an observer or can be tested against an accepted standard; can be seen, heard, felt, or smelled.

148
Q

Occult blood

A

Hidden blood

149
Q

Olig_

A

Few

150
Q

Oliguria

A

Production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

151
Q

Oedema

A

Fluid retention, the presence of excess interstitial fluid in the body

152
Q

Orthopnoeic position

A

A sitting position that relieves respiratory difficulty; the person leans over and is supported by an overway table across the lap.

153
Q

Pain tolerance

A

Maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to withstand without seeking avoidance of the pain or relief.

154
Q

Pain threshold

A

The least amount of stimuli that is needed for a person to label a sensation as pain.

155
Q

Palpation

A

The examination of the body by using the sense of touch.

156
Q

Parasomnia

A

A cluster of patterns of waking behaviour that appears during sleep.

157
Q

Passive ROM exercises

A

Another person moves each of an individual’s joints through its complete range, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over the joint.

158
Q

_pnoea

A

breathing

159
Q

Percussion

A

A method in which the body surface is struck to elicit sounds that can be heard or vibrations that can be felt.

160
Q

Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG)

A

Feeding catheter inserted directly into the stomach though the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen.

161
Q

Personal identity

A

The conscious sense of individuality and uniqueness that is continually evolving throughout life.

162
Q

Perineal-genital care

A

Involves washing the genital and rectal areas of the body.

163
Q

Personal hygiene practices (influences)

A

Social practice, personal preference, body image, socioeconomic state, health beliefs and motivation, cultural variables, physical condition.

164
Q

Poly

A

Many

165
Q

Polyuria

A

The production of large amounts of urine.

166
Q

Portal of entry

A

The point of entrance of a pathogenic organism into the body.

167
Q

Portal of exit

A

The means by which a pathogen exits a reservoir

168
Q

Potential problem statement

A

A statement about a potential problem that could occur if intervention isn’t taken. Eg Mr. Carteris at riskof infectionrelated tobreak in skin integrity

169
Q

PPE

A

PPE is important for protecting both the patient and nurse during aseptic procedures eg gloves, apron, safety glasses.

170
Q

Pressure injury

A

Localised damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related toa a medical or other device. The injury can present as intact skin or an open ulcer and may be painful. 95% are preventable! Formally called pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, bed sore, pressure sore.

171
Q

Pressure injury - increased risk

A

Elderly, overweight, underweight, incontinent.

172
Q

Pressure injury - Stage 1

A

Non blanchable erythema, skin intact, redness localised usually over a bony prominence (heralds risk)

173
Q

Pressure injury - Stage 2

A

Partial thickness with exposed dermis. Wound bed is viable, pink or red, moist, may present as an intact or ruptured serum-filled blister. Adipose (fat) is not visible and deeper tissues not visible. Granulation tissue, slough and eschar not present.

174
Q

Pressure injury - Stage 3

A

Full thickness skin loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle unexposed. Slough may be present - doesn’t obscure depth of tissue loss. May include undermining & tunnelling. Depth varies by anatomical location.

175
Q

Pressure injury - Stage 4

A

Full thickness skin and tissue loss. Exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Depth varies by anatomical location. Osteomyelitis (infection of the bone) possible.

176
Q

Pressure injury - Unstageable

A

Obscured full thickness skin and tissue loss, covered by slough (yellow, tan, grey, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed. Need to remove slough/eschar to expose wound base and true depth, therefore stage cannot be determined.

177
Q

Pressur injury - Deep

A

Persistent non-blanchable deep red, maroon or purple discolouration. Skin may be intact or blood-filled blister due to damage underlying soft tissue from pressuer and/or shear. May be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler tissue, compared to adjacent tissue.

178
Q

Proprioception

A

Awareness of posture, movement, changes in equilibrium and knowledge of position, weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body

179
Q

Protein

A

Main purpose is synthesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance, and repair.

180
Q

Proteinuria

A

A condition in which there are proteins present in the urine.

181
Q

Purulent

A

Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

182
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressure.

183
Q

Recovery position

A

Side laying position used to assist keep an airway open in the unconscious person.

184
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain perceived to be in one area, but the source is from another.

185
Q

Reservoir

A

A source of microorganisms.

186
Q

Respiratory arrest

A

The absence of breathing.

187
Q

_rhythmia

A

Heart rhythm

188
Q

Self concept

A

The collection of ideas, feelings, beliefs one has about self.

189
Q

Self esteem

A

The value one has for one self, self confidence.

190
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

A bed sitting position in which the head of the bed is elevated between 15 and 45 degrees, with our without knee flexion.

191
Q

Sepsis

A

A life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs.

192
Q

Serous

A

Resembling or producing serum

193
Q

Sequencing

A

Involves a series of actions that ensure each procedure is performed in a safe and appropriate order.

194
Q

Sleep (factors affecting)

A

Illness, environment, lifestyle, stress, diet, smoking, motivation and medication

195
Q

Sleep (clinical manifestations of not enough)

A

Risky decision making, reduced concentration, reduced memory, mood changes such as irritability, stress or anxiety

196
Q

Sleep apnoea

A

Periodic cessation of breathing during sleep.

197
Q

Sleep hygiene

A

Habits and practices that are conducive to sleep.

198
Q

Slough

A

Yellow material in healing wound / Dead tissue in wound usually cream or yellow in colour

199
Q

Skin integrity (factors that affect)

A

Age, impaired circulation, nutritional state, some medications.

200
Q

Skin integrity (assessment of)

A

Colour, temperature, moisture, turgor (elasticity), odema, vascular changes, lesions.

201
Q

SMART Goals

A

Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timeframe

202
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain that originates in the skin, muscles, bone, or connective tissues.

203
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleep Walking.

204
Q

Standard aseptic technique

A

A method to conduct a simple procedure, with a small number of key parts and small key sites

205
Q

Standard precautions

A

Techniques used with all individuals to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens.

206
Q

Sternum

A

The breastbone.

207
Q

Stress

A

Situation in which non-specific demand requires an individual to respond or take action.

208
Q

Stressors

A

Stimuli preceding or precipitating a change that initiates a stress response.

209
Q

Subjective data

A

Data that are apparent only to the person affected; can be described or verified only by that person.

210
Q

Supine position

A

A back lying position without a pillow.

211
Q

Surgical aseptic technique

A

is a technically complex procedure, with large open key sites and numerous key parts

212
Q

Susceptible host

A

Any person who is at risk of infection

213
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract.

214
Q

Tachy

A

Fast

215
Q

Tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid pulse rate; greater than 100 beats per minute.

216
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Abnormally fast respiration; usually more than 24 respiration per minute.

217
Q

_tension

A

Pressure

218
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

Actions taken in addition to standard precautions when those precautions do not completely block the chain of infection, and the infections are spread by airborne transmission, by droplet or by contact.

219
Q

Turgor

A

Elasticity (of the skin)

220
Q

_uria

A

Urine

221
Q

Urgency

A

The feeling that one must urinate.

222
Q

Unconscious

A

Not in a conscious state

223
Q

Unresponsive

A

Does not respond to external stimuli

224
Q

Visceral pain

A

Results from the stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity, cranium, and thorax.

225
Q

_voluaemia

A

Blood volume

226
Q

Wound healing (phases)

A

Inflammatory, proliferative, maturation

227
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

NS1881 (1 decks)

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