NS Term 4

Question 1

The surface of the earth is called the ____.

Answer 1

Crust.

Question 2

What are the 4 elements that support life on Earth?

Answer 2

1. Soil
2. Air
3. Water
   4: Sunlight

Question 3

1. Soil
   Soil contains ______ that are needed by plants to _____. If there was no soil, there would be no plants. If there was no plants, no ____ _____ would exist, and all the animals would die.

Answer 3

Minerals; grow; food chains

Question 4

2. Air

Air contains ______. Without it, most _____ _____ would die.

Answer 4

Oxygen; living things

Question 5

3. Water

If there was no water on Earth, living things would ____ ___ and ___.

Answer 5

Dry out; die

Question 6

4. Sunlight

Sunlight is our planet’s ____ source of ____.

Answer 6

Main; energy

Question 7

The Earth’s crust consists of different _____.

Answer 7

Layers

Question 8

What is the 3 layers that make up land?

Answer 8

1. Topsoil
2. Subsoil
3. Rocks

Question 9

Topsoil
Topsoil is the top layer of soil, where ____ grow. Topsoil is made up of small sand grains, ____ and ____ matter, as well as ___ and ____. Topsoil is usually darker than _____. This is caused by plants and animals, both ____ or ____, are found within it.

Answer 9

Plants; plant; animal; air; water; subsoil; living; dead

Question 10

2. Subsoil
   This layer can be found just ____ the topsoil. It is made up of ____ _____ _____ and some small parts that come from the top soil. Subsoil is usually lighter in colour than ____. The roots of the ____ _____ often grow into subsoil to anchor themselves.

Answer 10

Beneath; bigger rock pieces; topsoil; larger trees

Question 11

3. Rocks
   Rocks are big pieces of ____ material. As you go deeper into the Earth, the rock pieces become _____ until they are one solid piece.

Answer 11

Solid; bigger

Question 12

Plants anchor their ____ in soil and the roots take up _____ from the soil. Soil contains _______ that are needed by ______ in order to grow and _________. When plants reproduce, they form _____. Each type of plant and animal has its own _______.

Answer 12

Roots; water; minerals; plants; reproduce; seeds; habitat

Question 13

Life in soil
Animals that can be found in soil are bugs, ____, snails and moles. Earthworms eat ________ plant matter and, along with other creatures, their movement helps _____ the particles. Looser soil particles means that more ____ is available is the soil. These creatures are also a source of food for other _______. Birds and ______ eat _____ and slugs, and bugs can be eaten by _____ and other larger _______.

Answer 13

Slugs; decaying; loosen; air; animals; beetles; worms; birds; mammals

Question 14

Composition of soil
Soil also contains _________ plant and animal _____. The parts that come from rocks contain ______. The parts that come from plants and animals contain ______.

Answer 14

Decomposing; parts; minerals; nutrients

Question 15

What are the 3 different types of soil?

Answer 15

1. Sandy soil
2. Clayey soil
3. Loamy soil

Question 16

1. Sandy soil
   Sandy soil has a high ________ of coarse sand grains. There are lots of big ____ particles. This type of soil has a very _____ texture. The spaces between the sand particles are _____ compared to other soil types. This means that sandy soil can hold lots of ____.

Answer 16

Proportion; sand; rough; large; air

Question 17

2.Clayey soil
Clay soil has a high ________ of _____ grains of clay. Because of the size of the particles, clay has a _____ texture. The spaces between particles are much _____ than sand. There is ____ _____ air inside clayey soil, but it can hold lots of ____.

Answer 17

Proportion; fine; smooth; smaller; very little; water

Question 18

3. Loamy soil
   Loamy soil is a mixture of clay, ____ and other soil grains. The soil has a slightly ____ texture, but not as coarse as sand. The spaces between loamy soil particles are smaller than the spaces of sandy soil. Because of this, loamy soil contains less ____ than sandy soil, but can absorb more ____.

Answer 18

Sand; coarse; air; water

Question 19

How sedimentary rock forms
Sedimentary rock is formed by the following process:
1. The rocks _____ down into smaller grains. These grains are called ________.
2. Then, mud and sand are moved by ____ and ____.
The ____ and _____ gets deposited in low-lying areas.
3. Over time, new layers of mud and sand are deposited on top of the ____ layers.
4. After a very long time, these layers become ________ and ______ to form sedimentary rock.

Answer 19

Break; sediments; wind; water; mud; sand; existing; compacted; hardened

Question 20

Shale - Part 1

Shale is clay that has been ______ and turned into rock. It often breaks apart in large, ____ plates.

Answer 20

Hardened; flat

Question 21

Sandstone - Part 1
Sandstone is a ___ stone that is formed when sand grains stick ______. It can be deposited in layers of different _____ of sand. Sandstone is very soft and crumbles easily.

Answer 21

Soft; together; colours

Question 22

Limestone - Part 1
Limestone is a rock that contains many _______. It consists mainly of the minerals _____ and _____. These minerals are different crystal forms of calcium and finely _____ shells.

Answer 22

Fossils; calcite; aragonite; broken

Question 23

Limestone - Part 2

Can be used for making ____ as building _____. Chalk is used in ______ to write on blackboards. Also used for _______.

Answer 23

Cement; stone; classrooms; plaster

Question 24

Shale - Part 2
During the ____ Age, people broke off plates of shale and used them as _____ and ____. It was still used sometimes to make a _____. When you strike one piece of shale on another, it creates ______.

Answer 24

Stone; knives; blades; fire; sparks

Question 25

Sandstone - Part 2

Sandstone can be also used in ______. Mainly used in paving, _____ and roofing.

Answer 25

Building; flooring