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Thabang NS > NS Term 1 > Flashcards

NS Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the words “Photo” and “Synthesis” mean in the word photosynthesis?

A

Photo = Light
Synthesis = To make

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2
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small openings in leaves and stems

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3
Q

Why do plants have stomata?

A

So that they can absorb carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Name three parts of a plant where starch is stored:

A

Leaves, stems and roots

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5
Q

What is the purpose of chlorophyll?

A

To absorb sunlight

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6
Q

Why do plants store glucose in the form of starch?

A

Starch does not dissolve in water.

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7
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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9
Q

What is needed for water and carbon dioxide to turn into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight energy and chlorophyll

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10
Q

Why can’t plants photosynthesise at night?

A

There is no light

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11
Q

What do plants use oxygen for?

A

To release energy from starch/glucose

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12
Q

Which vitamin releases energy into your body?

A

Vitamin B

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13
Q

Which mineral helps with the functioning of your nervous system?

A

Potassium

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14
Q

Which vitamin keeps your immune system healthy?

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

What does calcium do for your body?

A

It keeps your teeth healthy and builds strong bones

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16
Q

What does iron do for your body?

A

It transports oxygen

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17
Q

What does vitamin A do for your body?

A

It ensures healthy eyes and good eyesight

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18
Q

Name a food that has protein in it;

A

Eggs, meat, dairy products, etc.

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19
Q

Name a food with calcium in it;

A

Milk

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20
Q

Name a food with carbohydrates;

A

Bread, potatoes, pasta, etc.

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21
Q

Name 3 functions of food in your body;

A

Energy
Growth
Healthy immune system
Help with healing of injuries
Builds healthy teeth and strong bones

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22
Q

What are the four groups food can be divided in to?

A

Carbohydrates
Fats and oils
Vitamins and minerals
Proteins

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23
Q

Why are carbohydrates good for you?

A

They provide energy

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24
Q

Why are vitamins and minerals good for you?

A

They keep you healthy and build a good immune system
They build strong bones and teeth

25
Q

Why are proteins good for you?

A

Builds tissue
Helps body recover and heal

26
Q

Why are fats and oils good for you?

A

Fats store energy in the form of body fat

27
Q

What is the difference between natural and processed food?

A

There are no colourants, preservatives, flavourings or salt added to natural food

28
Q

Why are foods processed?

A

To extend shelf life
Save cost
Making food look/taste better
Improves nutritional value

29
Q

Why are food labels important?

A

Comparison between food products
To see what nutrients the food contains
To see what additives are in the food
To check for allergens in the food
To determine nutritional value

30
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet that contains the right portions of all four food groups, enough fibre and enough water

31
Q

Why is it important to drink water?

A

Your body consists of mainly water. It is used to transport nutrients, helps your immune system and excretory system function

32
Q

Why is fibre important?

A

To insulate you from cold, as well as protect your nervous system and organs
It helps your digestive process

33
Q

How does fibre help your digestive process?

A
  • Helps absorb minerals and vitamins
  • It keeps your digestive system clean and encourages frequent bowel movement
  • Makes you feel full and stops you from eating too much
  • It prevents constipation, diabetes and heart diseases
34
Q

Why is exercising important?

A
  • Releases chemicals in your brain (dopamine) that makes you feel happy
  • Keeps your body strong and flexible
  • Helps sleep better
  • Helps maintain a healthy body weight
35
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

When a person does not eat enough or enough of a certain type of food

36
Q

What is tooth decay?

A

When bacteria in your mouth feeds on sugar, they form an acid that sticks to your teeth in the form of plaque. This erodes the outer layer of your teeth and causes cavities

37
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

A disease that mostly occurs in children when not enough proteins are consumed. Symptoms include swollen stomach, hands, feet and face as well as black spots on skin

38
Q

What is Rickets?

A

A disease caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium and phosphates. Symptoms include chest pain, weak bones, fractures in the skeleton and poor growth

39
Q

What is anorexia?

A

When a person has an obsessive compulsion to lose weight. This may cause the person to eat as little as possible. This is caused by an unhealthy relationship with food caused by internal and external factors.
Symptoms include drastic weight loss, little energy, thin skin and constipation

40
Q

What is Bulimia?

A

When a person throws up the food they just ate intentionally
Symptoms include damaged teeth, inflamed throat and bleeding rectum

41
Q

What is Obesity?

A

It is a disorder where a person has too much body fat. It leads to other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol and heart disease

42
Q

What is Constipation?

A

A condition where a person has irregular bowel movements. This may cause the person to go days or weeks without solid excretion. It can be prevented by eating enough fibre

43
Q

We process foods to preserve them and not let bacteria grow in the food. What do bacteria and microorganisms need to grow?

A

Heat
Moisture
Food (eg: sugar)

44
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A process where some bacteria and fungi are added to foods to increase nutritional value and make it easier to digest

45
Q

What is Fortification?

A

A process where vitamins and minerals are added to food to increase it’s nutritional value

46
Q

Why do we fortify food?

A

It is a safe way to improve public health. The nutritional value in a population increases without them having to change diets (hence oftenly done to staple foods that everyone else eats)

47
Q

What are some methods of processing food?

A

Combining
Cooking
Freezing
Pickling and canning
Fermentation
Drying
Adding sugar or salt
Smoking

48
Q

What does the term “Biodiversity” mean?

A

It refers to a large variety of life that occurs in one habitat or ecosystem.

49
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

It is needed for a healthy ecosystem. Plants and animals rely on and react to each other, thus are dependent on the biodiversity.

50
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A pathway of energy (stored in food) that is transferred between living organisms

51
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Decomposers are microorganisms that break down dead plant and animal matter. They plough these nutrients back into the soil

52
Q

What are producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers?

A

Producers - Plants
Primary consumers - Herbivores that eat plants
Secondary consumers - Carnivores that eat the herbivores
Tertiary consumers - Carnivores that eat other carnivores

53
Q

Where do producers get their energy from?

A

Sunlight and nutrients from the soil

54
Q

Where does the food chain start?

A

The sun

55
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

An area where living and non-living things are found. The living things depend on each other and non-living things to survive

56
Q

What is a habitat?

A

An area in which an organism lives

57
Q

What are the 7 qualities of living things?

A
  • Growth
  • Movement
  • Excretion
  • Respiration
  • Sense
  • Consuming (eating)
  • Reproduction
58
Q

NOT A QUESTION: Remember to study page 154 for examples of different ecosystems

A

154

Thabang NS (2 decks)

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