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nrp Flashcards

1
Q

nasal flaring

A

a sign of respiratory distress in infants

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2
Q

echocardiogram

A

cardiac anomalies in infants

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3
Q

Perinatal History, Mother’s History:

A

History of pregnancy, age, smoking, and substance abuse, nutrition, infection, previous pregnancies/outcome, hypertension/toxemia are all important to review.

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4
Q

Mothers with diabetes are prone to have

A

premature and large-for-gestational age infants.

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5
Q

Family history, delivery, and postnatal history will also provide

A

important information

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6
Q

Gestational Age

A

time since the estimated date of conception

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7
Q

Term Infant

A

born between 38 and 42 weeks of gestational age

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8
Q

Preterm Infant (premature)

A

less than 38 weeks of gestational age

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9
Q

Post term Infant weeks of gestational age

A

more than 42

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10
Q

AGA

A

Appropriate for gestational age

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11
Q

LGA

A

Large for gestational age. diabetes

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12
Q

SGA

A

Small for gestational age. mom on drugs

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13
Q

APGAR 1 minute score identifies

A

how well the infant tolerated delivery.

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14
Q

APGAR 5 minute score identifies

A

how successful our efforts were

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15
Q

APGAR Five factors are evaluated:

A

color, heart rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone and respiratory effort

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16
Q 
APPEARANCE 
PULSE under 100 = 1 point 
GRIMACE - cough/sneeze = 2 points 
ACTIVITY - some flexion is 1 point 
RESPIRATORY EFFORT - slow weak cry  = 1 point
A 
APPEARANCE 
PULSE under 100 = 1 point 
GRIMACE - cough/sneeze = 2 points 
ACTIVITY - some flexion is 1 point 
RESPIRATORY EFFORT - slow weak cry  = 1 point
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17
Q

0 to 3 points = resuscitate with 100% FiO2

4 to 6 points = stimulate

A

0 to 3 points = resuscitate with 100% FiO2

4 to 6 points = stimulate

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18
Q

Transillumination

A

Recommend when a pneumothorax is suspected

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19
Q

Transillumination

A

A bright fiberoptic light is placed against the infant’s chest in a darkened room

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20
Q

Transillumination

A

Normally a lighted halo is seen around the point of contact

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21
Q

Transillumination

A

A pneumothorax will cause the entire hemithorax to light up

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22
Q

Transillumination L. Diaphragmatic hernia there is

A

no light

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23
Q

Normal Temperature.

A

36.5 C.

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24
Q

Servo-controlled isolettes and radiant warmers provide

A

automatic adjustment of temperature

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25
Q

If the temperature probe comes off the skin or malfunctions the unit may

A

overheat causing high air temperature and the low skin temperature alarms to sound

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26
Q

When an infant is kept warm, the oxygen consumption is

A

reduced

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27
Q

Normal heart rate for a term infant is

A

110 - 160 beats/min. (preterm infants have faster rates)

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28
Q

Tachycardia

A

170 beats/min. or greater.

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29
Q

Bradycardia

A

less than 100 beats/min.

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30
Q

Pulse/Heart Rate. is Measured using

A

brachial, femoral, or apical pulse.

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31
Q

An infant can only increase his/her cardiac output by

A

increasing the heart rate.

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32
Q

Normal respiratory rate is

A

30 to 60 breaths/min. (higher in preterm babies).

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33
Q

Respiratory pause

A

apnea for 5- 10 sec, normal.

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34
Q

Short apnea

A

apnea for 10-20 sec, may be normal.

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35
Q

Long apnea:

A

apnea for more than 20 sec, always abnormal.

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36
Q

Blood Pressure Term infant:

A

60/40 mm Hg.

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37
Q

Blood Pressure Preterm infant:

A

50/30 mm Hg.

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38
Q

Birth Weight Term infant:

A

over 3000 g or 3 Kg

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39
Q

Birth Weight 28 week gestational age

A

1000 g.

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40
Q

Low birth weight infants are at higher risk for

A

respiratory problems.

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41
Q

9,000 - 30,000 normal WBC until

A

3 weeks old

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42
Q

Acrocyanosis is

A

bluish extremities and is not true cyanosis.

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43
Q

Check mucous membranes of the

A

mouth, tongue, and nail beds.

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44
Q

increased WOB for infant

A

retractions, nasal flaring and grunting.

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45
Q

Retractions

A

Intercostal, subcostal, substernal or supraclavicular retractions are signs of respiratory distress

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46
Q

Nasal Flaring

A

Dilation of nasal openings also indicates respiratory distress for infants who must breathe through their nose.

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47
Q

Grunting

A

A sound heard at the end of exhalation that indicates respiratory distress (RDS) from decreased lung volume.

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48
Q

Capillary Refill

A

Blanching the infant’s skin to see how long it takes for normal color to return.

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49
Q

Capillary Refill

A

Longer than 3 seconds may indicate a decreased cardiac output.

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50
Q

Silverman Score the higher the number is

A

the worse the baby is doing

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51
Q

Silverman Score is the Assessment of

A

respiratory distress.

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52
Q

Gestational Age

A

Dubowitz or Ballard Method

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53
Q

Dubowitz or Ballard Method Assessment of the gestational age is important to

A

differentiate between a premature infant and one that is just small for his/her gestational age.

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54
Q

Dubowitz or Ballard Method The higher the score

A

the higher the gestational age in weeks.

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55
Q

Dubowitz or Ballard Method

A

Normal score is 40 corresponding to 40 weeks.

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56
Q

Dubowitz or Ballard Method A score higher than 40 indicates

A

a post-term infant.

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57
Q

Dubowitz or Ballard Method

A

A score lower than 40 indicates a pre-term infant.

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58
Q

New Ballard Score (NBS) is a Modification of

A

Ballard Score.

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59
Q

New Ballard Score (NBS) Estimates

A

gestational age in very low birth weight infants.

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60
Q

PROM

A

premature rupture of the membrane. look for WBC going up and temperature would mean they have an infection

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61
Q

UA

A

umbilical artery = L. side

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62
Q

Pre- and Post-Ductal Blood Gas Studies, if right to left shunting occurs across the ductus arteriosus,

A

the PaO2 level obtained from a pre-ductal site (right arm) often exceeds the PaO2 level obtained from a post-ductal site (umbilical artery or a lower extremity vessel)

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63
Q

if the pre-ductal (right radial artery) PaO2 is 15 torr higher than the post-ductal (umbilical artery) PaO2 then

A

the patient has a patent ductus arteriosus with a right to left shunt

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64
Q

Pre- and Post-Ductal Blood Gas Studies

A

can also be evaluated by using transcutaneous monitoring or pulse oximetry.

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65
Q

Pre- and Post-Ductal Blood Gas Studies recommend an echocardiogram to

A

determine the cause of the shunt.

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66
Q

Blood Glucose term infants should have values

A

greater than 30 mg/dL. if lower then need to intervene

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67
Q

Blood Glucose Premature infants should have values

A

greater than 20 mg/dL. if lower then need to intervene

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68
Q

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of 2:1 or higher is

A

good

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69
Q

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio ratio less than 2:1 indicates

A

high risk of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) or infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

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70
Q

As Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio drops below 2, incidence of HMD/IRDS ranges from 40-80%. Lower ratio indicating
higher risk.

A

As Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio drops below 2, incidence of HMD/IRDS ranges from 40-80%. Lower ratio indicating
higher risk.

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71
Q

As ratio drops below 2, Recommend

A

surfactant replacement therapy.

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72
Q

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the Most reliable indicator of

A

Pulmonary maturity even with diabetes.

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73
Q

Phospholipid appearing at about 36 weeks gestation and rising until term.

A

Phospholipid appearing at about 36 weeks gestation and rising until term.

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74
Q

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is Only performed on amniotic fluid.

A

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is Only performed on amniotic fluid.

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75
Q

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Indicator for lung maturity, and will rise as lungs mature.

A

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Indicator for lung maturity, and will rise as lungs mature.

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76
Q

Phospholipid - lecithin makes up the majority of the weight of surfactant.

A

Phospholipid - lecithin makes up the majority of the weight of surfactant.

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77
Q

Transcutaneous PO2, and PC02, measurement Heating the skin around the electrode to 43- 45 °C

A

Transcutaneous PO2, and PC02, measurement Heating the skin around the electrode to 43- 45 °C

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78
Q

Clark

A

P02

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79
Q

Severinghaus

A

PCO2

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80
Q

Treating Severe Airway Obstruction in an Infant - If the infant is responsive

A
  1. Infant is straddled over the rescuer arm face down (prone), the head lower than the trunk, and the head is supported by firmly holding the jaw.
  2. Deliver 5 back blows with the heel of the hand between the infant’s shoulder blades.
  3. Turn the infant over and apply 5 chest thrusts (heimlich maneuver like on an adult)
  4. Repeat the sequence until the obstruction is relieved or the infant becomes unresponsive.
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81
Q

Treating Severe Airway Obstruction in an Infant - If the infant becomes unresponsive.

A
  1. Send someone to activate emergency response system.
  2. Place infant on a hard surface, begin CPR (no pulse check).
  3. Before attempting to ventilate, look for a foreign object in the mouth and remove it.
  4. Continue CPR for 5 cycles or about 2 minutes.
    - if alone, activate EMS system.
    - Return and continue CPR.
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82
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag is used for resuscitation and manual ventilation of neonates.

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag is used for resuscitation and manual ventilation of neonates.

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83
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Inflates only when gas source is turned on and opening of bag is sealed (mask placed tightly on neonate’s face).

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Inflates only when gas source is turned on and opening of bag is sealed (mask placed tightly on neonate’s face).

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84
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Peak inspiratory pressure is controlled by:

 - Flow to bag.
 - Adjustment of flow control valve.
 - How hard the bag is squeezed.
A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Peak inspiratory pressure is controlled by:

 - Flow to bag.
 - Adjustment of flow control valve.
 - How hard the bag is squeezed.
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85
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Can also provide blow-by O, and PEEP/CPAP.

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Can also provide blow-by O, and PEEP/CPAP.

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86
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Should always be used with a pressure manometer to monitor PIP and PEEP or the baby will die!!!

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Should always be used with a pressure manometer to monitor PIP and PEEP or the baby will die!!!

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87
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag - Neonate receives same FO, as the gas flowing to the bag.

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag - Neonate receives same FO, as the gas flowing to the bag.

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88
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag should be kept approximately half-full between breaths

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag should be kept approximately half-full between breaths

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89
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Requires compressed gas source to operate

A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag Requires compressed gas source to operate

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90
Q

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag will not inflate in the presence of

  • Leaks.
  • Low flow to bag.
  • Opened flow control valve.
  • Open pop-off valve.
A

Flow-inflating Resuscitation (Anesthesia) Bag will not inflate in the presence of

  • Leaks.
  • Low flow to bag.
  • Opened flow control valve.
  • Open pop-off valve.
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91
Q

Laryngoscope Straight Miller blade fits directly under the epiglottis

A

Laryngoscope Straight Miller blade fits directly under the epiglottis

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92
Q

Laryngoscope Straight Miller blade is Preferred for infant intubation

A

Laryngoscope Straight Miller blade is Preferred for infant intubation

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93
Q

pediatric Laryngoscope blade size

A

size 2

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94
Q

term infant Laryngoscope blade size

A

size 1

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95
Q

pre-term Laryngoscope blade size

A

size 0

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96
Q

ETT Pre-term 2.5 - 3

A

ETT Pre-term 2.5 - 3

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97
Q

ETT Full-term 3.0 - 3.5

A

ETT Full-term 3.0 - 3.5

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98
Q

oropharyngeal suctioning of infants can be done with a bulb syringe

A

oropharyngeal suctioning of infants can be done with a bulb syringe

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99
Q

vacuum pressure infant 80 - 100 mmHg

A

vacuum pressure infant 80 - 100 mmHg

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100
Q

modifying bronchial hygiene therapy considerations in infants;

  • size of thorax
  • fear
  • positioning
A

modifying bronchial hygiene therapy considerations in infants;

  • size of thorax
  • fear
  • positioning
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101
Q

Isolette (Incubator) has Filtered gas.

A

Isolette (Incubator) has Filtered gas.

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102
Q

Isolette (Incubator) Temperature control-will maintain a

neutrothermal environment

A

Isolette (Incubator) Temperature control-will maintain a

neutrothermal environment

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103
Q

Isolette (Incubator) you Administer oxygen to neonate by cannula, oxyhood, CPAP, etc.

A

Isolette (Incubator) you Administer oxygen to neonate by cannula, oxyhood, CPAP, etc.

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104
Q

Isolette (Incubator) Provides humidity

A

Isolette (Incubator) Provides humidity

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105
Q

Isolette (Incubator) is ldeal for stable newborns

A

Isolette (Incubator) is ldeal for stable newborns

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106
Q 
Isolette (Incubator) hazards are;
Thermal burns.
Electrical shock.
Oxygen toxicity.
Fire.
Toxic inhalation.
Hearing damage.
A 
Isolette (Incubator) hazards are;
Thermal burns.
Electrical shock.
Oxygen toxicity.
Fire.
Toxic inhalation.
Hearing damage.
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107
Q

Radiant warmer (Open Incubator) is Ideal for unstable newborns who require constant care.

A

Radiant warmer (Open Incubator) is Ideal for unstable newborns who require constant care.

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108
Q

Radiant warmer (Open Incubator) Provides a neutral thermal environment but will not decrease insensible water loss in premature infants because of evaporation.

A

Radiant warmer (Open Incubator) Provides a neutral thermal environment but will not decrease insensible water loss in premature infants because of evaporation.

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109
Q

Nasal CPAP Can lose CPAP if baby is crying. Readjust nasal prongs if losing CPAP.

A

Nasal CPAP Can lose CPAP if baby is crying. Readjust nasal prongs if losing CPAP.

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110
Q

CPAP loss of pressure indicates Leak or Insufficient flow.

A

CPAP loss of pressure indicates Leak or Insufficient flow.

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111
Q

CPAP Increased pressure indicates Obstruction

A

CPAP Increased pressure indicates Obstruction

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112
Q

CPAP With excessive flow, will cause a continuous venting of the pop-off valve will occur

A

CPAP With excessive flow, will cause a continuous venting of the pop-off valve will occur

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113
Q

Capillary samples or heel sticks can also be used to obtain blood gas samples in infants.

A

Capillary samples or heel sticks can also be used to obtain blood gas samples in infants.

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114
Q

the Capillary sample or heel stick site must be arterialized by wrapping it in a wet, warm cloth at 45° C for 5 - 7 minutes.

A

the Capillary sample or heel stick site must be arterialized by wrapping it in a wet, warm cloth at 45° C for 5 - 7 minutes.

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115
Q

during a Capillary sample or heel stick The heel is cleansed with alcohol and a lancet is used for the puncture and is done deep enough to allow for free-flowing blood.

A

during a Capillary sample or heel stick The heel is cleansed with alcohol and a lancet is used for the puncture and is done deep enough to allow for free-flowing blood.

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116
Q

in a Capillary sample or heel stick the Results will show a consistent correlation with arterial pH and PCO2

A

in a Capillary sample or heel stick the Results will show a consistent correlation with arterial pH and PCO2

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117
Q

with a Capillary sample or heel stick the PO2 values do not correlate well with actual arterial blood. This is especially true when the a PO2 is above 60 tor.

A

with a Capillary sample or heel stick the PO2 values do not correlate well with actual arterial blood. This is especially true when the a PO2 is above 60 tor.

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118
Q

Capillary gases should not be used to monitor oxygen therapy. Actual oxygen levels may de either higher or lower than what is measured in capillary sample.

A

Capillary gases should not be used to monitor oxygen therapy. Actual oxygen levels may de either higher or lower than what is measured in capillary sample.

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119
Q

Umbilical arterial lines are used for newborn babies

A

Umbilical arterial lines are used for newborn babies

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120
Q

Umbilical arterial lines at the PO2 of the left side of the heart

A

Umbilical arterial lines at the PO2 of the left side of the heart

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121
Q

in an Umbilical arterial line A catheter is inserted into the umbilical artery at the cut end of the umbilical cord

A

in an Umbilical arterial line A catheter is inserted into the umbilical artery at the cut end of the umbilical cord

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122
Q

in an Umbilical arterial line the safest place for the tip of the umbilical arterial catheter is at L-3 which is above the bifurcation of the aorta but below the renal arteries

A

in an Umbilical arterial line the safest place for the tip of the umbilical arterial catheter is at L-3 which is above the bifurcation of the aorta but below the renal arteries

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123
Q

Umbilical artery PO2 may be used to regulate FiO2

A

Umbilical artery PO2 may be used to regulate FiO2

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124
Q

Umbilical arterial line Catheter is in a post-ductal location and may be used to identify right-to-left shunting across the ductus arteriosus.

A

Umbilical arterial line Catheter is in a post-ductal location and may be used to identify right-to-left shunting across the ductus arteriosus.

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125
Q

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) Allows continuous monitoring of blood pressure.

A

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) Allows continuous monitoring of blood pressure.

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126
Q

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) gives Arterial samples for ABG and other lab analysis

A

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) gives Arterial samples for ABG and other lab analysis

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127
Q

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) is used for Blood replacement (transfusions).

A

umbilical artery catheter (UAC) is used for Blood replacement (transfusions).

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128
Q

Tidal Volume 4 - 6 mL/kg

A

Tidal Volume 4 - 6 mL/kg

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129
Q

infant PIP 20 - 30 cmH20

A

infant PIP 20 - 30 cmH20

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130
Q

infant respiratory rate 20 - 30

A

infant respiratory rate 20 - 30

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131
Q

infant peak flow 5 - 6 L/min

A

infant peak flow 5 - 6 L/min

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132
Q

infant Itime .5 - .6 seconds

A

infant Itime .5 - .6 seconds

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133
Q

APGAR 0 - 3 give them positive pressure

A

APGAR 0 - 3 give them positive pressure

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134
Q

PEEP without previous information set to 2 - 4

A

PEEP without previous information set to 2 - 4

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135
Q

PEEP max is 8

A

PEEP max is 8

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136
Q

is baby is on CPAP of 10 set PEEP to 10

A

is baby is on CPAP of 10 set PEEP to 10

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137
Q

pressures of 22/4 cm H2O then make the vent settings 22 peak/rate and the 4 is PEEP

A

pressures of 22/4 cm H2O then make the vent settings 22 peak/rate and the 4 is PEEP

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138
Q 
chant 
20 30 PIP
20 30 RR
5 6 PF
.5 .6 Itime
A 
chant 
20 30 PIP
20 30 RR
5 6 PF
.5 .6 Itime
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139
Q

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is Indicated for an infant who may be at risk for periods of significant apnea over 20 sec.

A

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is Indicated for an infant who may be at risk for periods of significant apnea over 20 sec.

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140
Q

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for One or more Apparent Life Threatening Episodes (ALTE). These occur when the infant has apnea, cyanosis, choking, or lifelessness that requires stimulation or CPR.

A

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for One or more Apparent Life Threatening Episodes (ALTE). These occur when the infant has apnea, cyanosis, choking, or lifelessness that requires stimulation or CPR.

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141
Q

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for a Sibling of a SIDS baby.

A

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for a Sibling of a SIDS baby.

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142
Q

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for Snoring in infants

A

infant Apnea Monitoring (Pneumogram) is indicated for Snoring in infants

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143
Q

Electrodes attached to the chest sense changes in impedance as the lungs expand and contract causing the distance between the electrodes to increase and decrease (impedance pneumogram).

A

Electrodes attached to the chest sense changes in impedance as the lungs expand and contract causing the distance between the electrodes to increase and decrease (impedance pneumogram).

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144
Q

Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram problems

  • may have False alarms
  • Poor electrode contact is patient has oily skin
A

Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram problems

  • may have False alarms
  • Poor electrode contact is patient has oily skin
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145
Q

Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram Monitor may not sense obstructive apnea if the patient has respiratory movements or has hiccups.

A

Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram Monitor may not sense obstructive apnea if the patient has respiratory movements or has hiccups.

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146
Q

Impedance Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram Set the low heart rate alarm between 60-80 beats/min.

A

Impedance Apnea Monitor/Pneumogram Set the low heart rate alarm between 60-80 beats/min.

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147
Q

Send baby home with apnea monitor after parents learn CPR

A

Send baby home with apnea monitor after parents learn CPR

148
Q

Discontinue Apnea Monitor when 2 months free of events

A

Discontinue Apnea Monitor when 2 months free of events

149
Q

discontinue apnea monitor After an asymptomatic period when infant receives DPT immunizations and experiences nasopharyngitis without reoccurrence of symptoms.

A

discontinue apnea monitor After an asymptomatic period when infant receives DPT immunizations and experiences nasopharyngitis without reoccurrence of symptoms.

150
Q

Discontinuing Apnea Monitor when A follow-up pneumogram is normal.

A

Discontinuing Apnea Monitor when A follow-up pneumogram is normal.

151
Q

Theophylline is a Methylxanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) is a Side Door Bronchodilator that is given to increase diaphragmatic contractility and stimulate the CNS in infants with
apnea of prematurity. Serum levels are kept at 5-10 mcg/mL in neonates and children

A

Theophylline is a Methylxanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) is a Side Door Bronchodilator that is given to increase diaphragmatic contractility and stimulate the CNS in infants with
apnea of prematurity. Serum levels are kept at 5-10 mcg/mL in neonates and children

152
Q

caffeine is a Theophylline which is a Methylxanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) or a Side Door Bronchodilator

A

caffeine is a Theophylline which is a Methylxanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) or a Side Door Bronchodilator

153
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy is used to prevent and treat IRDS/HMD

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy is used to prevent and treat IRDS/HMD

154
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Prophylactic administration technique means it is administered to at-risk infants immediately after birth

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Prophylactic administration technique means it is administered to at-risk infants immediately after birth

155
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy rescue administration technique means means that it is administered to infants after they demonstrate signs & symptoms of RDS

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy rescue administration technique means means that it is administered to infants after they demonstrate signs & symptoms of RDS

156
Q

Adverse effects of surfactant replacement therapy are pneumothorax, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoxemia, hemorrhage, apnea

A

Adverse effects of surfactant replacement therapy are pneumothorax, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoxemia, hemorrhage, apnea

157
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Calfactant is bovine

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Calfactant is bovine

158
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Beractant is bovine.

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Beractant is bovine.

159
Q

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Poractant alfa is porcine.

A

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Poractant alfa is porcine.

160
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a Condition in which a fetus aspirates a mix of fetal stool (meconium) and amniotic fluid during episodes of fetal hypoxemia.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a Condition in which a fetus aspirates a mix of fetal stool (meconium) and amniotic fluid during episodes of fetal hypoxemia.

161
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Occurs most commonly in full-term or post-term infants

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Occurs most commonly in full-term or post-term infants

162
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Results in chemical pneumonitis, upper airway obstruction, and hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Results in chemical pneumonitis, upper airway obstruction, and hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension.

163
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) appears as Cyanosis, stained with meconium

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) appears as Cyanosis, stained with meconium

164
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) shows as Grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, gasping with tachypnea

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) shows as Grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, gasping with tachypnea

165
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) breath sounds are Wheezes, rhonchi, crackles, expiratory grunting.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) breath sounds are Wheezes, rhonchi, crackles, expiratory grunting.

166
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) shows as Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) shows as Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension

167
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) x-ray will have Irregular densities throughout the lungs with atelectasis and consolidation

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) x-ray will have Irregular densities throughout the lungs with atelectasis and consolidation

168
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) ABG will have Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) ABG will have Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

169
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment is to Suction the nasopharynx and oropharynx thoroughly when amniotic fluid is stained.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment is to Suction the nasopharynx and oropharynx thoroughly when amniotic fluid is stained.

170
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment if infant is vigorous, active and crying (Pulse more than 100, strong RR, good muscle tone;

  • suction mouth and nose to clear pharynx.
  • warm, dry and observe
  • Blow-by oxygen as needed.
A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment if infant is vigorous, active and crying (Pulse more than 100, strong RR, good muscle tone;

  • suction mouth and nose to clear pharynx.
  • warm, dry and observe
  • Blow-by oxygen as needed.
171
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment if infant is not vigorous (Pulse less than 100, limp, depressed, poor tone, absent or gasping respirations):

  • Initiate positive pressure ventilation if infant is not breathing or if heart rate is less than 100/min.
  • Support ventilation and oxygenation, which may include intubation and suction if the airway is obstructed.
A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) treatment if infant is not vigorous (Pulse less than 100, limp, depressed, poor tone, absent or gasping respirations):

  • Initiate positive pressure ventilation if infant is not breathing or if heart rate is less than 100/min.
  • Support ventilation and oxygenation, which may include intubation and suction if the airway is obstructed.
172
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Stabilize infant (whether they were vigorous or not) and transfer to ICU.

1) Vigorous pulmonary hygiene (postural drainage, percussion, suctioning).
2) Oxygen therapy.
3) Mechanical ventilation for ventilatory failure.
4) Consider alternate ventilation/oxygenation strategies:
- High frequency ventilation / high frequency oscillatory ventilation.
- Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Stabilize infant (whether they were vigorous or not) and transfer to ICU.

1) Vigorous pulmonary hygiene (postural drainage, percussion, suctioning).
2) Oxygen therapy.
3) Mechanical ventilation for ventilatory failure.
4) Consider alternate ventilation/oxygenation strategies:
- High frequency ventilation / high frequency oscillatory ventilation.
- Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

173
Q

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Antibiotics and Steroids

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) Antibiotics and Steroids

174
Q

Congenital Heart Defects are Structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. The most serious defects create right-to-left shunting, resulting in severe hypoxemia

A

Congenital Heart Defects are Structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. The most serious defects create right-to-left shunting, resulting in severe hypoxemia

175
Q

Congenital Heart Defects are Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Congenital Heart Defects are Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels

176
Q

Congenital Heart Defect Tetralogy of Fallot is overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and right
ventricular hypertrophy

A

Congenital Heart Defect Tetralogy of Fallot is overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and right
ventricular hypertrophy

177
Q

Congenital Heart Defect Transposition of the Great Vessels is where the aorta is switched with pulmonary artery (aorta arises from right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle).

A

Congenital Heart Defect Transposition of the Great Vessels is where the aorta is switched with pulmonary artery (aorta arises from right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle).

178
Q

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Cyanosis.

A

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Cyanosis.

179
Q

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Tachypnea.

A

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Tachypnea.

180
Q

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Normal breath sounds, and a loud heart murmur

A

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the patient will have Normal breath sounds, and a loud heart murmur

181
Q

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the x-ray will possibly possibly an enlarged or abnormally shaped heart

A

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel the x-ray will possibly possibly an enlarged or abnormally shaped heart

182
Q

Egg-shaped heart with Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Egg-shaped heart with Transposition of the Great Vessels

183
Q

Boot-shaped heart with Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Boot-shaped heart with Tetralogy of Fallot

184
Q

Echocardiogram is the most important diagnostic test to identify cardiac defects

A

Echocardiogram is the most important diagnostic test to identify cardiac defects

185
Q

Pre- and Post-ductal blood gas studies

A

Pre- and Post-ductal blood gas studies

186
Q

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel if the pre-ductal (right radial artery) PO2 is 15 tor higher than the post-ductal (umbilical
artery) PO2 then the patient has a right-to-left shunt.

A

with the Congenital Heart Defects of Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessel if the pre-ductal (right radial artery) PO2 is 15 tor higher than the post-ductal (umbilical
artery) PO2 then the patient has a right-to-left shunt.

187
Q

Pre- and Post-ductal blood gas studies for the Congenital Heart Defects Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels Can also be evaluated using two transcutaneous monitors. One placed on the upper right thorax (pre-ductal) and the other on the lower left thigh or left abdominal region (post-ductal)

A

Pre- and Post-ductal blood gas studies for the Congenital Heart Defects Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels Can also be evaluated using two transcutaneous monitors. One placed on the upper right thorax (pre-ductal) and the other on the lower left thigh or left abdominal region (post-ductal)

188
Q

Congenital Heart Defects Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels maintain PaO2 levels between 50 - 80 torr.

A

Congenital Heart Defects Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels maintain PaO2 levels between 50 - 80 torr.

189
Q

Prostaglandins to maintain patent ductus arteriosus

A

Prostaglandins to maintain patent ductus arteriosus

190
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) is Caused by insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant or depressed surfactant activity that leads to massive atelectasis and hypoxemia.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) is Caused by insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant or depressed surfactant activity that leads to massive atelectasis and hypoxemia.

191
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Primarily occurs in premature or high-risk infants.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Primarily occurs in premature or high-risk infants.

192
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Primarily occurs in Gestational age less than 38 weeks, low APGAR scores, signs of respiratory distress present at birth or within a few hours after delivery, L:S ratio less than 2:1.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Primarily occurs in Gestational age less than 38 weeks, low APGAR scores, signs of respiratory distress present at birth or within a few hours after delivery, L:S ratio less than 2:1.

193
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows cyanosis

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows cyanosis

194
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows Tachypnea and possible apnea, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, grunting.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows Tachypnea and possible apnea, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, grunting.

195
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows Bronchial or harsh, fine crackles/rales, expiratory grunting

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) shows Bronchial or harsh, fine crackles/rales, expiratory grunting

196
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) x-ray will show Increased opacity. ground glass appearance, and air bronchograms

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) x-ray will show Increased opacity. ground glass appearance, and air bronchograms

197
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) ABG will show Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) ABG will show Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

198
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Oxygen via oxyhood or nasal cannula.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Oxygen via oxyhood or nasal cannula.

199
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) CPAP (4-6 cm H20)

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) CPAP (4-6 cm H20)

200
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) CPAP (4-6 cm H20) maintain PaO2 between 50-80 torr and SpO2 between 89-90%

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) CPAP (4-6 cm H20) maintain PaO2 between 50-80 torr and SpO2 between 89-90%

201
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Maintain neutral thermal environment.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Maintain neutral thermal environment.

202
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Recommend surfactant replacement therapy

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Recommend surfactant replacement therapy

203
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy should be administered immediately after birth (prophylactic) in neonates less than 35 weeks gestation age, or once IRDS has been diagnosed (rescue).

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy should be Administered immediately after birth (prophylactic) in neonates less than 35 weeks gestation age, or once IRDS has been diagnosed (rescue).

204
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy types;

  • Calfactant from bovine
  • Beractant from bovine.
  • Poractant alfa from porcine.
  • Lucinactant from synthetic.
A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy types;

  • Calfactant from bovine
  • Beractant from bovine.
  • Poractant alfa from porcine.
  • Lucinactant from synthetic.
205
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy is Instilled directly into the trachea through a 5 Fr catheter placed into the endotracheal tube.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy is Instilled directly into the trachea through a 5 Fr catheter placed into the endotracheal tube.

206
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Catheter is removed after each administration.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Catheter is removed after each administration.

207
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Infant is manually ventilated for 30 seconds.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Infant is manually ventilated for 30 seconds.

208
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Observe for adverse reactions (pneumothorax, apnea, bradycardia, etc.)

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)/Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) surfactant replacement therapy Observe for adverse reactions (pneumothorax, apnea, bradycardia, etc.)

209
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Occurs when the diaphragm does not completely form. Causes the abdominal contents to be in direct contact with the thoracic cavity. The majority of cases occur on the left side through the foramen of Bochdalek.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Occurs when the diaphragm does not completely form. Causes the abdominal contents to be in direct contact with the thoracic cavity. The majority of cases occur on the left side through the foramen of Bochdalek.

210
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia appears as Scaphoid abdomen, barrel chest, cyanosis

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia appears as Scaphoid abdomen, barrel chest, cyanosis

211
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia appears as Respiratory distress at birth, tachypnea, intercostal and substernal
retractions, nasal flaring, expiratory grunting.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia appears as Respiratory distress at birth, tachypnea, intercostal and substernal
retractions, nasal flaring, expiratory grunting.

212
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia breath sounds are Absent on affected side, bowel sounds on the affected side.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia breath sounds are Absent on affected side, bowel sounds on the affected side.

213
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia heart sounds are Apical heart sounds heard over the unaffected side.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia heart sounds are Apical heart sounds heard over the unaffected side.

214
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Chest X-ray has Fluid and air-filled loops of bowel in the chest, shift of the heart and mediastinum toward unaffected side, atelectasis and complete lung collapse, hypoplastic left lung

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Chest X-ray has Fluid and air-filled loops of bowel in the chest, shift of the heart and mediastinum toward unaffected side, atelectasis and complete lung collapse, hypoplastic left lung

215
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ABG Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ABG Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

216
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Immediate oxygen therapy

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Immediate oxygen therapy

217
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Infant must not be manually ventilated with a bag and mask because of the danger of gastric
inflation.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Infant must not be manually ventilated with a bag and mask because of the danger of gastric

218
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia As soon as diagnosis is made, insert an orogastric tube to decrease gas in the bowel.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia As soon as diagnosis is made, insert an orogastric tube to decrease gas in the bowel.

219
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Prompt surgical repair is crucial.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Prompt surgical repair is crucial.

220
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Use low PIP below 30 cm H20 and rapid respiratory rates.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Use low PIP below 30 cm H20 and rapid respiratory rates.

221
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Use High frequency ventilation.

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Use High frequency ventilation.

222
Q

term infant

A

38 - 42 weeks

223
Q

infant heart rate

A

110-160

224
Q

infant RR

A

30 - 60

225
Q

infant BP

A

60/40

226
Q

term infant blood glucose

A

over 30

227
Q

pediatric asthma early stages dyspnea, cough, increased production of secretions, accessory muscle use, increased respiratory rate, and expiratory wheezing

A

pediatric asthma early stages dyspnea, cough, increased production of secretions, accessory muscle use, increased respiratory rate, and expiratory wheezing

228
Q

pediatric asthma Young children may complain of a stomach-ache.

A

pediatric asthma Young children may complain of a stomach-ache.

229
Q

pediatric asthma During an acute episode, arterial blood gases may show hypoxemia with or without hypercarbia and the chest X-ray may show hyperinfilation, flattened diaphragms and infiltrates.

A

pediatric asthma During an acute episode, arterial blood gases may show hypoxemia with or without hypercarbia and the chest X-ray may show hyperinfilation, flattened diaphragms and infiltrates.

230
Q

pediatric asthma Helpful diagnostic tests;

  • Pulmonary function testing (spirometry).
  • Exhaled nitric oxide testing (FENO) helpful in monitoring airway inflammation.
  • Bronchoprovocation challenges with methacholine or exercise.
A

pediatric asthma Helpful diagnostic tests;

  • Pulmonary function testing (spirometry).
  • Exhaled nitric oxide testing (FENO) helpful in monitoring airway inflammation.
  • Bronchoprovocation challenges with methacholine or exercise.
231
Q

pediatric asthma control meds;

  • LABAS
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • Leukotriene modifiers
  • Immunomodulators
A

pediatric asthma control meds;

  • LABAS
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • Leukotriene modifiers
  • Immunomodulators
232
Q

pediatric asthma control meds LABAS;

salmeterol, formoterol., arformoterol.

A

pediatric asthma control meds LABAS;

salmeterol, formoterol., arformoterol.

233
Q

pediatric asthma control meds Inhaled corticosteroids: beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone.

A

pediatric asthma control meds Inhaled corticosteroids: beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone.

234
Q

pediatric asthma control meds Leukotriene modifiers: montelukast, zileuton.

A

pediatric asthma control meds Leukotriene modifiers: montelukast, zileuton.

235
Q

pediatric asthma control meds Immunomodulators:

omalizumab, palivizumab.

A

pediatric asthma control meds Immunomodulators:

omalizumab, palivizumab.

236
Q

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds;

  • SABA
  • Anticholinergics
  • Systemic corticosteroids
A

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds;

  • SABA
  • Anticholinergics
  • Systemic corticosteroids
237
Q

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds SABA; albuterol, levalbuterol.

A

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds SABA; albuterol, levalbuterol.

238
Q

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds Anticholinergics: ipratropium.

A

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds Anticholinergics: ipratropium.

239
Q

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds Systemic corticosteroids: prednisone, methylprednisolone.

A

pediatric asthma Quick-relief (rescue) meds Systemic corticosteroids: prednisone, methylprednisolone.

240
Q

pediatric asthma Emergency room care;

1) Start with oxygen therapy.
2) Inhaled SABA agents: 3 treatments/hour or continuous.
3) Inhaled anticholinergics.
4) Systemic corticosteroids.

A

pediatric asthma Emergency room care;

1) Start with oxygen therapy.
2) Inhaled SABA agents: 3 treatments/hour or continuous.
3) Inhaled anticholinergics.
4) Systemic corticosteroids.

241
Q

pediatric asthma status asthmaticus;

1) Continuous aerosol bronchodilator.
2) Subcutaneous epinephrine
3) Intravenous steroids.
4) Magnesium sulfate.
5) He/O therapy.
6) Inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane).

A

pediatric asthma status asthmaticus;

1) Continuous aerosol bronchodilator.
2) Subcutaneous epinephrine
3) Intravenous steroids.
4) Magnesium sulfate.
5) He/O therapy.
6) Inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane).

242
Q

pediatric asthma status asthmaticus Use low respiratory rate with long expiratory time and Consider permissive hypercapnia.

A

pediatric asthma status asthmaticus Use low respiratory rate with long expiratory time and Consider permissive hypercapnia.

243
Q

Viral Pneumonia most common type of pneumonia.

A

Viral Pneumonia most common type of pneumonia.

244
Q

Viral Pneumonia runny nose (coryza), nasal congestion, cough, fever, malaise.

A

Viral Pneumonia runny nose (coryza), nasal congestion, cough, fever, malaise.

245
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - most common cause of viral pneumonia.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - most common cause of viral pneumonia.

246
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Occurs most commonly during the winter months (from mid- December through March).

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Occurs most commonly during the winter months (from mid- December through March).

247
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Chest X-ray reveals hyperinflated lungs with patchy infiltrate and/or atelectasis.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Chest X-ray reveals hyperinflated lungs with patchy infiltrate and/or atelectasis.

248
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Diagnosis confirmed by rapid immunofiuorescent detection of RSV antigen in nasal washings.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Diagnosis confirmed by rapid immunofiuorescent detection of RSV antigen in nasal washings.

249
Q 
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)  Previously treated with aerosolized ribavirin (Virazole®) administered by small particle
aerosol generator (SPAG)..
A 
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)  Previously treated with aerosolized ribavirin (Virazole®) administered by small particle
aerosol generator (SPAG)..
250
Q

RSV is also responsible for the majority of cases of bronchiolitis in young children.

A

RSV is also responsible for the majority of cases of bronchiolitis in young children.

251
Q

Viral Pneumonia is also caused by;

a) Parainfluenza Virus Types 1,2,3.
b) Influenza Virus.
c) Adenovirus.
d) Enterovirus,
e) Coronavirus.

A

Viral Pneumonia is also caused by;

a) Parainfluenza Virus Types 1,2,3.
b) Influenza Virus.
c) Adenovirus.
d) Enterovirus,
e) Coronavirus.

252
Q

Bacterial pneumonia has a Higher mortality rate than viral pneumonia.

A

Bacterial pneumonia has a Higher mortality rate than viral pneumonia.

253
Q

Bacterial pneumonia Risk factors include immunocompromise, aspiration from GERD, malnutrition, day care or school attendance.

A

Bacterial pneumonia Risk factors include immunocompromise, aspiration from GERD, malnutrition, day care or school attendance.

254
Q

Bacterial pneumonia Signs & symptoms similar to viral pneumonia.

A

Bacterial pneumonia Signs & symptoms similar to viral pneumonia.

255
Q

Bacterial pneumonia in Neonatal patients is caused by group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli.

A

Bacterial pneumonia in Neonatal patients is caused by group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli.

256
Q

Bacterial pneumonia in Pediatric patients is caused by Staphylococcus pneumoniae, H infhuenza, S aureus

A

Bacterial pneumonia in Pediatric patients is caused by Staphylococcus pneumoniae, H infhuenza, S aureus

257
Q

bacterial pneumonia Diagnosis is aided by blood cultures and elevated band count (> 1500 total bands).

A

bacterial pneumonia Diagnosis is aided by blood cultures and elevated band count (> 1500 total bands).

258
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is An inflammatory process that causes edema and swelling of the mucous membranes just
below the vocal cords (subglottic area) resulting in airway obstruction.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is An inflammatory process that causes edema and swelling of the mucous membranes just
below the vocal cords (subglottic area) resulting in airway obstruction.

259
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is Primarily a viral infection, most often caused by Parainfluenza viruses or RSV transmitted by aerosol droplets

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is Primarily a viral infection, most often caused by Parainfluenza viruses or RSV transmitted by aerosol droplets

260
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is a Recent cold that developed gradually into a barking cough over 2-3 days,
more common in the fall and winter.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is a Recent cold that developed gradually into a barking cough over 2-3 days,
more common in the fall and winter.

261
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as barking cough, stridor, hoarse voice.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as barking cough, stridor, hoarse voice.

262
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Cyanosis, alert with some accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, rhinorrhea.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Cyanosis, alert with some accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, rhinorrhea.

263
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Tachypnea, substernal and intercostal retractions.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Tachypnea, substernal and intercostal retractions.

264
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) breath sounds are Diminished with inspiratory stridor.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) breath sounds are Diminished with inspiratory stridor.

265
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Increased HR, BP, low grade fever.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) shows as Increased HR, BP, low grade fever.

266
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) Lateral Neck X-ray is Haziness in the subglottic area, steeple sign, pencil point, picket fence, hourglass narrowing of the upper airway.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) Lateral Neck X-ray is Haziness in the subglottic area, steeple sign, pencil point, picket fence, hourglass narrowing of the upper airway.

267
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) ABG is Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) ABG is Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

268
Q 
mild Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis); 
cool environment
humidification of inspired air
Oxygen therapy 30-40%
Cool aerosol mist (face mask)
Racemic Epinephrine
Corticosteroids For children who do not respond to cool aerosol and racemic epinephrine therapy.
A 
mild Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis); 
cool environment
humidification of inspired air
Oxygen therapy 30-40%
Cool aerosol mist (face mask)
Racemic Epinephrine
Corticosteroids For children who do not respond to cool aerosol and racemic epinephrine therapy.
269
Q 
severe Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) looks like;
marked inspiratory stridor
Severe stridor at rest.
Diminished breath sounds.
Extreme accessory muscle usage.
A 
severe Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) looks like;
marked inspiratory stridor
Severe stridor at rest.
Diminished breath sounds.
Extreme accessory muscle usage.
270
Q 
severe Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis);
cool environment
humidification of inspired air
Transfer patient to ICU
Sedate to prevent inadvertent extubation
Place on T-piece or CPAP
extubate when air leak around tube
A 
severe Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis);
cool environment
humidification of inspired air
Transfer patient to ICU
Sedate to prevent inadvertent extubation
Place on T-piece or CPAP
extubate when air leak around tube
271
Q

Epiglottitis is a Life threatening emergency caused by inflammation of the supraglottic region that includes the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and false vocal cords that causes swelling just above the vocal cord

A

Epiglottitis is a Life threatening emergency caused by inflammation of the supraglottic region that includes the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and false vocal cords that causes swelling just above the vocal cord

272
Q

Epiglottitis is a Bacterial infection caused by Haemophilus inftuenza B (gram negative bacteria) transmitted by aerosol droplets.

A

Epiglottitis is a Bacterial infection caused by Haemophilus inftuenza B (gram negative bacteria) transmitted by aerosol droplets.

273
Q

Epiglottitis will have a Sudden onset within 6-8 hours.

A

Epiglottitis will have a Sudden onset within 6-8 hours.

274
Q

Epiglottitis Muffled cough

A

Epiglottitis Muffled cough

275
Q

Epiglottitis looks like 2-6 years of age, pale or cyanotic, lifeless, drooling, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), tongue thrusts forward during inspiration, voice and cry muffled, jaw jutted forward.

A

Epiglottitis looks like 2-6 years of age, pale or cyanotic, lifeless, drooling, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), tongue thrusts forward during inspiration, voice and cry muffled, jaw jutted forward.

276
Q

Epiglottitis will have Tachypnea, nasal flaring, substernal and intercostal retractions

A

Epiglottitis will have Tachypnea, nasal flaring, substernal and intercostal retractions

277
Q

Epiglottitis breath sounds are Diminished with inspiratory stridor.

A

Epiglottitis breath sounds are Diminished with inspiratory stridor.

278
Q

Epiglottitis will have Increased HR, BP, high grade fever.

A

Epiglottitis will have Increased HR, BP, high grade fever.

279
Q

Epiglottitis you must Avoid any unnecessary stimulation of the child.

A

Epiglottitis you must Avoid any unnecessary stimulation of the child.

280
Q

Epiglottitis Lateral Neck X-ray will have Haziness in the supraglottic area (epiglottis), supraglottic swelling (above the
glottis) or “Thumb Sign”

A

Epiglottitis Lateral Neck X-ray will have Haziness in the supraglottic area (epiglottis), supraglottic swelling (above the
glottis) or “Thumb Sign”

281
Q

Epiglottitis ABG will be Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

A

Epiglottitis ABG will be Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

282
Q

Epiglottitis CBC will have Elevated WBC.

A

Epiglottitis CBC will have Elevated WBC.

283
Q

Epiglottitis will need Immediate placement of an artificial airway.

A

Epiglottitis will need Immediate placement of an artificial airway.

284
Q 
Epiglottitis;
intubate
transfer to ICU
sedate to prevent extubation
Place on T-piece or CPAP.
oxygen
Antibiotics.
extubate when swelling gone
A 
Epiglottitis;
intubate
transfer to ICU
sedate to prevent extubation
Place on T-piece or CPAP.
oxygen
Antibiotics.
extubate when swelling gone
285
Q

bronchiolitis/RSV is an Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

A

bronchiolitis/RSV is an Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

286
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Results in inflammation and obstruction of the small bronchi & bronchioles and excessive airway secretions.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Results in inflammation and obstruction of the small bronchi & bronchioles and excessive airway secretions.

287
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Patients at risk include children less than 1 year of age, children with weakened immune systems, and children with chronic respiratory or cardiac disease.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Patients at risk include children less than 1 year of age, children with weakened immune systems, and children with chronic respiratory or cardiac disease.

288
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Upper respiratory infection in young children.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Upper respiratory infection in young children.

289
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Nasal discharge, lethargic, nasal flaring, cyanosis

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Nasal discharge, lethargic, nasal flaring, cyanosis

290
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV is an Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV is an Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

291
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Results in inflammation and obstruction of the small bronchi & bronchioles and excessive airway secretions.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Results in inflammation and obstruction of the small bronchi & bronchioles and excessive airway secretions.

292
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Patients at risk include children less than 1 year of age, children with weakened immune systems, and children with chronic respiratory or cardiac disease.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Patients at risk include children less than 1 year of age, children with weakened immune systems, and children with chronic respiratory or cardiac disease.

293
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Upper respiratory infection in young children.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Upper respiratory infection in young children.

294
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV looks like Nasal discharge, lethargic, nasal flaring, cyanosis.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV looks like Nasal discharge, lethargic, nasal flaring, cyanosis.

295
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Tachypnea, apnea in severe cases, grunting, intercostal and substernal retractions, intermittent cough.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Tachypnea, apnea in severe cases, grunting, intercostal and substernal retractions, intermittent cough.

296
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV breath sounds Wheezes, crackles, upper airway noise from secretions.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV breath sounds Wheezes, crackles, upper airway noise from secretions.

297
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Hyperresonance in severe cases.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Hyperresonance in severe cases.

298
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Chest X-ray will be Hyperinflation with areas of consolidation or atelectasis.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Chest X-ray will be Hyperinflation with areas of consolidation or atelectasis.

299
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV ABG Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV ABG Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

300
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV pulmonary function test decreased flowrates

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV pulmonary function test decreased flowrates

301
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV pulmonary function test decreased flowrates FEV1, FEF%, and FEF

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV pulmonary function test decreased flowrates FEV1, FEF%, and FEF

302
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Detection of RSV antigen in washings from nasopharynx or oropharynx by RSV-enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Detection of RSV antigen in washings from nasopharynx or oropharynx by RSV-enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

303
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Detection of RSV antigen in washings from nasopharynx or oropharynx by Respiratory infectious disease panel (RIDP) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Detection of RSV antigen in washings from nasopharynx or oropharynx by Respiratory infectious disease panel (RIDP) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

304
Q

Prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus immune globin (RespiGam@) or palivizumab (Synagis®) recommended for children at risk of Bronchiolitis/RSV

A

Prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus immune globin (RespiGam@) or palivizumab (Synagis®) recommended for children at risk of Bronchiolitis/RSV

305
Q

Bronchiolitis/RSV Many children can be treated at home with humidification and oral decongestants.

A

Bronchiolitis/RSV Many children can be treated at home with humidification and oral decongestants.

306
Q 
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic condition that results from treatment of RDS with mechanical ventilation and
high concentrations of oxygen over a prolonged period of time over 28 days
A 
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic condition that results from treatment of RDS with mechanical ventilation and
high concentrations of oxygen over a prolonged period of time over 28 days
307
Q

Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is made in newborns who are oxygen dependent and have an abnormal chest X-ray after 28 days of age.

A

Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is made in newborns who are oxygen dependent and have an abnormal chest X-ray after 28 days of age.

308
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) shows as Tachypnea, retractions and persistent cyanosis.

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) shows as Tachypnea, retractions and persistent cyanosis.

309
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Lengthy ventilatory course over 14 days is associated with poor response to therapy.

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Lengthy ventilatory course over 14 days is associated with poor response to therapy.

310
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) X-ray shows small areas of lucency alternating with areas of irregular densities.

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) X-ray shows small areas of lucency alternating with areas of irregular densities.

311
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Corticosteroids.

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Corticosteroids.

312
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Corticosteroids, Diuretics to reduce lung edema, and Bronchodilators.

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Corticosteroids, Diuretics to reduce lung edema, and Bronchodilators.

313
Q

DUBOWITZ score is a method of estimating the gestational age of a neonate based on 21 defined clinical signs

A

DUBOWITZ score is a method of estimating the gestational age of a neonate based on 21 defined clinical signs

314
Q

A score dubowitz score of 40 indicates a gestational age of 40 weeks.

A

A score dubowitz score of 40 indicates a gestational age of 40 weeks.

315
Q

SILVERMAN-ANDERSON SCORE Evaluates the degree of respiratory distress in neonates. The total score ranges from 0 to 10 with a high score indicating severe respiratory distress.

A

SILVERMAN-ANDERSON SCORE Evaluates the degree of respiratory distress in neonates. The total score ranges from 0 to 10 with a high score indicating severe respiratory distress.

316
Q

THEOPHYLLINE LEVEL When used to treat neonates with apnea of prematurity, the level should be maintained at 5-10 mcg/mL.

A

THEOPHYLLINE LEVEL When used to treat neonates with apnea of prematurity, the level should be maintained at 5-10 mcg/mL.

317
Q

Epiglottitis – 4 Ds (drooling, dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia)

A

Epiglottitis – 4 Ds (drooling, dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia)

318
Q

IRDS diffuse bilateral radiopacity, reticulogranular and reticulonodular

A

IRDS diffuse bilateral radiopacity, reticulogranular and reticulonodular Pneumonia, air bronchogram, increased density from consolidation, antibiotics

319
Q

Pneumonia, air bronchogram, increased density from consolidation, antibiotics

A

Pneumonia, air bronchogram, increased density from consolidation, antibiotics

320
Q

4 month cough = bronchitis

A

4 month cough = bronchitis

321
Q

Croup = fever and stridor

A

Croup = fever and stridor

322
Q

Stridor – is it epiglottitis or croup?
1. Get a lateral neck x-ray
- Epiglottitis – low grade fever (they will give you a
specific number) – give racemic – if doesn’t work,
give steroids, if doesn’t work intubate
- Croup – racemic fixes

A

Stridor – is it epiglottitis or croup?
1. Get a lateral neck x-ray
- Epiglottitis – low grade fever (they will give you a
specific number) – give racemic – if doesn’t work,
give steroids, if doesn’t work intubate
- Croup – racemic fixes

323
Q

2 year old RR = 20

A

2 year old RR = 20

324
Q

Neonate – PDA or IRDS?
IRDS patient is not getting better with oxygen so give
surfactant

A

Neonate – PDA or IRDS?
IRDS patient is not getting better with oxygen so give
surfactant

325
Q

Newborn PACO2 more than 50 = intubate

A

Newborn PACO2 more than 50 = intubate

326
Q

First oxyhood THEN CPAP

A

First oxyhood THEN CPAP

327
Q

Preemie – pre-ductal blood gas for preemie heart issues

A

Preemie – pre-ductal blood gas for preemie heart issues

328
Q

Baby on vent for weeks = they will have a bronchopulmonary fistula

A

Baby on vent for weeks = they will have a bronchopulmonary fistula

329
Q

Stridor – cool aerosol

A

Stridor – cool aerosol

330
Q

Baby temp = choose CBC

A

Baby temp = choose CBC

331
Q

Infant vent settings = PIP lower than 30

A

Infant vent settings = PIP lower than 30

332
Q

Baby peripheral cyanosis – oxyhood

A

Baby peripheral cyanosis – oxyhood

333
Q

Do not get a CBC on a neonate they don’t have much blood

A

Do not get a CBC on a neonate they don’t have much blood

334
Q

Oxygen fixes TTN (transient tachypnea of the newborn)

A

Oxygen fixes TTN (transient tachypnea of the newborn)

335
Q

Neonate PDA – confirm with echocardiogram

A

Neonate PDA – confirm with echocardiogram

336
Q

Grab an x-ray for neonate – IRDS and just intubated

A

Grab an x-ray for neonate – IRDS and just intubated

337
Q

Preemie = get new ballard scale

  • IRDS – in oxyhood with low SPO2
  • CBG – only look at PaCO2
A

Preemie = get new ballard scale

  • IRDS – in oxyhood with low SPO2
  • CBG – only look at PaCO2
338
Q

2 year old = 20 RR

A

2 year old = 20 RR

339
Q

Preemie : pre-ductal blood gas: for preemie heart issues

A

Preemie : pre-ductal blood gas: for preemie heart issues

340
Q

Reticulogranular infiltrates = ARDS

A

Reticulogranular infiltrates = ARDS

341
Q

Baby on vent for weeks = they will have a bronchopulmonary fistula

A

Baby on vent for weeks = they will have a bronchopulmonary fistula

342
Q

Stridor = cool aerosol

A

Stridor = cool aerosol

343
Q

Baby temp = choose CBC

A

Baby temp = choose CBC

344
Q

A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with laryngotracheobronchitis requires the administration of 40% oxygen. the most appropriate method for delivering the oxygen is Cool aerosol mask

A

A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with laryngotracheobronchitis requires the administration of 40% oxygen. the most appropriate method for delivering the oxygen is Cool aerosol mask

345
Q

A 2100 g neonate in the NICU is monitored with a TcPO2 monitor. The TcPO2 reads 53 torr with the temperature set at 40oC. The arterial PO2 is 73 torr. The TcPO2 temperature setting being too low explains the difference in TcPO2 levels.

A

A 2100 g neonate in the NICU is monitored with a TcPO2 monitor. The TcPO2 reads 53 torr with the temperature set at 40oC. The arterial PO2 is 73 torr. The TcPO2 temperature setting being too low explains the difference in TcPO2 levels.

346
Q

Croup patient ready for extubation when Breath sounds are heard around the tube on auscultation.

A

Croup patient ready for extubation when Breath sounds are heard around the tube on auscultation.

347
Q

Initial vent settings infant

  • 20 30 PIP
  • 20 30 RR
  • 5 6 PF
  • 5 6 ITime
A

Initial vent settings infant

  • 20 30 PIP
  • 20 30 RR
  • 5 6 PF
  • 5 6 ITime
348
Q

APGAR 3,2,1,0 positive pressure

A

APGAR 3,2,1,0 positive pressure

349
Q

Preemie : pre-ductal blood gas: for preemie heart issues

A

Preemie : pre-ductal blood gas: for preemie heart issues

350
Q

Neonate – PDA or IRDS

- IRDS patient is not getting better with oxygen so need to give surfactant

A

Neonate – PDA or IRDS

- IRDS patient is not getting better with oxygen so need to give surfactant

351
Q

First oxyhood, then CPAP

A

First oxyhood, then CPAP

352
Q

Newborn PaCO2 more than 50 intubate

A

Newborn PaCO2 more than 50 intubate

353
Q

NBRC stabilize patient and THEN transfer them

A

NBRC stabilize patient and THEN transfer them

354
Q

Baby born 39 weeks with complications has TTN

A

Baby born 39 weeks with complications has TTN

355
Q

Gravita = pregnancies

A

Gravita = pregnancies

356
Q

Para = births (if have lost baby then this is a complicated birth)

A

Para = births (if have lost baby then this is a complicated birth)

357
Q

Epiglottitis = fever, difficulty swallowing and mod. Stridor  put them on a non-rebreather and or intubate, racemic will not help

A

Epiglottitis = fever, difficulty swallowing and mod. Stridor  put them on a non-rebreather and or intubate, racemic will not help

358
Q

Fever and stridor = croup

A

Fever and stridor = croup

359
Q

APGAR scores for a baby born a few hours ago are what their scores were when they were born good ot see for IRDS etc

A

APGAR scores for a baby born a few hours ago are what their scores were when they were born good ot see for IRDS etc

360
Q

Infant vent settings – PIP lower than 30

A

Infant vent settings – PIP lower than 30

361
Q

Caffeine citrate is used to treat apneic conditions and indicates the need for homeapnea monitoring.

A

Caffeine citrate is used to treat apneic conditions and indicates the need for homeapnea monitoring.

362
Q

Though there is evidence of auto-PEEP in the flow-time graphic, the patient’s normal pH and stable hemodynamics indicate no intervention is currently needed.

A

Though there is evidence of auto-PEEP in the flow-time graphic, the patient’s normal pH and stable hemodynamics indicate no intervention is currently needed.

363
Q

A premature neonate with RDS receives the first dose of surfactant replacement therapy. Two hours later, the neonate’s FIO2 requirement has increased from 0.35 to 0.70. Which of
the following should a respiratory therapist recommend FIRST? Get an x-ray

A

A premature neonate with RDS receives the first dose of surfactant replacement therapy. Two hours later, the neonate’s FIO2 requirement has increased from 0.35 to 0.70. Which of
the following should a respiratory therapist recommend FIRST? Get an x-ray

364
Q

The correct negative pressure to use when suctioning the airway of a child is -80 to-100 mm Hg.

A

The correct negative pressure to use when suctioning the airway of a child is -80 to-100 mm Hg.

365
Q

A 3 year old is receiving VC ventilation. A respiratory therapist is preparing to administer aerosolized dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) in-line with the ventilator. Which of the following devices should the therapist select to administer the therapy? Vibrating mesh nebulizer

A

A 3 year old is receiving VC ventilation. A respiratory therapist is preparing to administer aerosolized dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) in-line with the ventilator. Which of the following devices should the therapist select to administer the therapy? Vibrating mesh nebulizer

366
Q

Croup – severe suprasternal, subcostal, and substernal retractions are observed. Harsh barking cough, and stridor

A

Croup – severe suprasternal, subcostal, and substernal retractions are observed. Harsh barking cough, and stridor

367
Q

Macroglossia is a disorder in which the tongue is larger than normal

A

Macroglossia is a disorder in which the tongue is larger than normal

NRP (2 decks)

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