Nq Flashcards
What enzyme ‘unzips’ DNA for replication?
Helicase
Helicase is responsible for separating the two strands of DNA.
What enzyme assembles complementary nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase is crucial for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What enzyme binds to DNA and unzips it to transcribe RNA?
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase is essential for synthesizing RNA from the DNA template.
According to base pairing rules, which nucleotide pairs with cytosine?
Guanine
The base pairing rule states that C pairs with G in DNA.
According to base pairing rules, which nucleotide pairs with adenine?
Thymine
The base pairing rule states that A pairs with T in DNA.
What is a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid called?
Codon
Codons are the basic units of the genetic code in mRNA.
What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA complementary to a codon of mRNA called?
Anticodon
Anticodons help ensure that the correct amino acid is added during protein synthesis.
What are the stop codons that cause the DNA to stop transcribing mRNA?
UAA, UAG, UGA
These codons signal the termination of protein synthesis.
What is the sequence that begins translation of mRNA?
AUG
AUG codes for methionine and initiates translation.
What is the process in which RNA is made from DNA?
Transcription
Transcription is the first step in gene expression.
What is the process of creating a protein by converting genetic code from RNA?
Translation
Translation involves the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
What is the process by which DNA copies itself during S-phase in interphase called?
DNA replication
This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of DNA.
Match the appearance and function of the three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
Appearance:
* mRNA - single strand
* tRNA - cloverleaf
* rRNA - part of ribosome
Function:
* mRNA - carries genetic information
* tRNA - transfers amino acids
* rRNA - catalyzes protein synthesis
Each type of RNA plays a unique role in protein synthesis.
True or False: DNA is a single-stranded molecule.
False
DNA is a double-stranded molecule with a helical structure.
Fill in the blank: The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine is _______.
Two
A-T pairing involves two hydrogen bonds.
Fill in the blank: The number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine is _______.
Three
G-C pairing involves three hydrogen bonds.
What is the history of DNA discovery often associated with?
Who-Where
They are credited with elucidating the double helix structure of DNA.
What type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide?
Point mutation
Point mutations can lead to significant changes in protein function.
What is the term for the process of comparing two sequences to identify mutations?
Sequence alignment
Sequence alignment is used to identify differences between DNA or protein sequences.
