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NPTE - Equipment, devices, therapeutic modalities > NPTE - Therapeutic Modalities: Cryotherapy, Superficial and deep thermotherapy, Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

NPTE - Therapeutic Modalities: Cryotherapy, Superficial and deep thermotherapy, Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for use of modalities (4)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Inflammation and repair
  3. Restriction in motion
  4. Abnormal tone
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2
Q

Principles of Heat Transfer: (5)

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Conversion
  4. Evaporation
  5. Radiation
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3
Q

Conduction

A

Gain or loss of heat resulting from direct contract between tow materials at different temps

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4
Q

Convection

A

The gain or loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across the body

  • Capable of transferring large amounts of heat
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5
Q

Conversion

A

Heating that occurs when nonthermal energy (e.g. mechanical, electrical) is absorbed into tissue and transfored into heat

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6
Q

Rate of heat transfer with conversion is determined by:

A

The power of the energy source

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7
Q

Evaporation

A

Transfer of heat that occurs as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form into a vapor

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8
Q

Radiation

A

Direct transfer of heat from a radiation energy source of higher temp to one of cool temp

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9
Q

Rate of heat transfer with radiation is influenced by:

A
  1. Intensity and size of the energy source
  2. Target area
  3. Angle of the radiation to the target area
  4. the distance between the energy source and target area
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10
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Local or general use of low temperatures in rehab

Generates therapeutic effects by influencing hemodynamic (blood flow), metabolic (metabolic rate), and neuromuscular processes (nerve conduction)

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11
Q

Therapeutic Effects of Cryotherapy (7)

A
  1. Decreased blood flow to treatment area
  2. Decreased edema
  3. Decreased local temp
  4. Decreased metabolic rate
  5. Decreased nerve conduction velocity
  6. Decreased tone
  7. Increased pain threshold
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12
Q

Gain or loss of heat resulting from direct contract between tow materials at different temps

A

Conduction

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13
Q

The gain or loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across the body

  • Capable of transferring large amounts of heat
A

Convection

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14
Q

Heating that occurs when nonthermal energy (e.g. mechanical, electrical) is absorbed into tissue and transfored into heat

A

Conversion

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15
Q

Transfer of heat that occurs as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form into a vapor

A

Evaporation

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16
Q

Direct transfer of heat from a radiation energy source of higher temp to one of cool temp

A

Radiation

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17
Q

Local or general use of low temperatures in rehab

Generates therapeutic effects by influencing hemodynamic (blood flow), metabolic (metabolic rate), and neuromuscular processes (nerve conduction)

A

Cryotherapy

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18
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy (9)

A
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Acute or chronic pain
  3. Acute or subacute inflammation
  4. Bursitis
  5. Muscle spasm
  6. MSK trauma
  7. Myofascial trigger points
  8. Tendonitis
  9. Tenosynovitis
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19
Q
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Acute or chronic pain
  3. Acute or subacute inflammation
  4. Bursitis
  5. Muscle spasm
  6. MSK trauma
  7. Myofascial trigger points
  8. Tendonitis
  9. Tenosynovitis
A

Indications for Cryotherapy (9)

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20
Q

Contraindications of Cryotherapy (10)

A
  1. Cold intolerance
  2. Cold urticaria
  3. Cryoglobulinemia
  4. Infection
  5. Over an area of compromised circulation
  6. Over regenerating peripheral nerves
  7. Paroxysmal corl hemoglobinuria
  8. Peripheral vascular disease
  9. Raynaud’s phenomenon
  10. Skin anesthesia
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21
Q

Ice massage

A

Applied directly to the treatment area

Ideal for small or contoured areas

Easily intigrated into an HEP

Pt in relaxed position, ideal elevated

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22
Q

Cold Pack

A

Should be cooled for at least 30 min between uses and 2+hrs before initial use

Should be applied over a moist towel

Approximately 20 min application

Can be applied every 1 to 2 hrs for inflammation and pain control

Extend to 30 min if goal is spasticity reduction (skin requires inspection every 10 min!)

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23
Q

Cold Bath

A

Used for the immersion of the distal extemities

Allows for circumferential contact

Temps ranging from 55-64°F

15-20 min

Lower temp = shorter tx time

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24
Q

Controlled Cold Compression Unit

A

Circulates cooled water through a sleeve that is applied to an extremity

Temps ranging from 50-77°F

Combination is more effective than cold or compression alone in controlling inflammation

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25
Q

Cryo Cuff

A

Cold water circulating unit that combines benifits of cold with compression

Nylon sleeve and gallon container of ice water

Commonly used post-operatively with goal to decrease pain and need for analgesic meds

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26
Q

Advantages of Ice massage (4)

A
  1. Effective for small or irregular areas
  2. Target area can be observed during tx
  3. Short duration of tx
  4. Available for home use
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27
Q

Disadvantages of Ice Massage (3)

A
  1. Intensity of cooling may not be tolerated by pt
  2. Time consuming for large areas
  3. Requires active participation for the therapist or pt
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28
Q

Advantages of Cold pack (3)

A
  1. Covers moderate to large areas
  2. Can be applied in conjunction with elevation
  3. Available for home use
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29
Q

Disadvantages of Cold pack (3)

A
  1. May not maintain good contact on small or severely contoured ares
  2. Pt may not tolerate the weight of the pack
  3. Difficult to observe target area directly during tx
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30
Q

Advantages of Cold Bath (3)

A
  1. Effective for cooling the distal extremities
  2. Allows for circumferential contact with water
  3. Available for home use
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31
Q

Disadvantage of Cold bath

A

Requires the extremity to remain in a gravity dependent position

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32
Q

Advantages of Controlled Cold Compression Unit (3)

A
  1. Allows simultaneous application of cold and compression
  2. Temp and compression force can be accurately controlled
  3. Can be combined with other interventions, such as electrotherapy
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33
Q

Disadvantages of Controlled Cold Compression Unit (2)

A
  1. Difficult to observe targe area directly during tx
  2. Limited to extremity use
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34
Q

Advantages to Cryo Cuff (3)

A
  1. Allows simultaneous application of cold and compression
  2. Provides hours of mild cooling
  3. Available for home use
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35
Q

Disadvantage for Cryo Cuff

A

Difficult to precisely control temp and compression force

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36
Q

Advantages of Vapocoolant spray (4)

A
  1. Localized area of application
  2. Brief duration of cooling
  3. Effectively treats trigger points
  4. Increases ROM
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37
Q

Disadvantages of Vapocoolant spray (3)

A
  1. Difficult to apply spray uniformly
  2. Risk of frostbite if skin is not reward between repeated treatments
  3. Limited in scope of use
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38
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Effective for small or irregular areas
  2. Target area can be observed during tx
  3. Short duration of tx
  4. Available for home use
A

Advantages of Ice massage (4)

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39
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Intensity of cooling may not be tolerated by pt
  2. Time consuming for large areas
  3. Requires active participation for the therapist or pt
A

Disadvantages of Ice Massage (3)

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40
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Covers moderate to large areas
  2. Can be applied in conjunction with elevation
  3. Available for home use
A

Advantages of Cold pack (3)

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41
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. May not maintain good contact on small or severely contoured ares
  2. Pt may not tolerate the weight of the pack
  3. Difficult to observe target area directly during tx
A

Disadvantages of Cold pack (3)

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42
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Effective for cooling the distal extremities
  2. Allows for circumferential contact with water
  3. Available for home use
A

Advantages of Cold Bath (3)

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43
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

Requires the extremity to remain in a gravity dependent position

A

Disadvantage of Cold bath

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44
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Allows simultaneous application of cold and compression
  2. Temp and compression force can be accurately controlled
  3. Can be combined with other interventions, such as electrotherapy
A

Advantages of Controlled Cold Compression Unit (3)

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45
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Difficult to observe targe area directly during tx
  2. Limited to extremity use
A

Disadvantages of Controlled Cold Compression Unit (2)

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46
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Allows simultaneous application of cold and compression
  2. Provides hours of mild cooling
  3. Available for home use
A

Advantages to Cryo Cuff (3)

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47
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

Difficult to precisely control temp and compression force

A

Disadvantage for Cryo Cuff

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48
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Localized area of application
  2. Brief duration of cooling
  3. Effectively treats trigger points
  4. Increases ROM
A

Advantages of Vapocoolant spray (4)

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49
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Difficult to apply spray uniformly
  2. Risk of frostbite if skin is not reward between repeated treatments
  3. Limited in scope of use
A

Disadvantages of Vapocoolant spray (3)

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50
Q

Vapocoolant spray

A

Produces rapid cooling through evaporation

Most commonly used in tx of trigger points

Produces a counter-irritant stimulus to the cutaneous thermal afferent nerves that overlay muscle (may break the pain cycle)

Conditions that respond: torticollis, neck or LBP caused by muscle spasm, acute bursitis, hamstrings tightness

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51
Q

Superficial Thermotherapy

A

Local or genral use of high temps in rehab with the goal of increasing skin temp and superficial subcutaneous tissue to depths of up to 2cm

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52
Q

Therapeutic Effects of Superficial Thermotherapy (10)

A
  1. Decreased muscle spasm
  2. Decreased tone
  3. Increased blood flow to the tx area
  4. Increased capillary permeability
  5. Increased Collagen Extensibility
  6. Increased local temp
  7. Increased metabolic rate
  8. Increased muslce elasticity
  9. Increased nerve conduction rate
  10. Increased pain threshold
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53
Q

Indications for Superficial Thermotherapy (7)

A
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Decreased ROM
  3. Muscle gaurding
  4. Muscle spasm
  5. Myofascial trigger points
  6. Subacute or chronic pain
  7. Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
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54
Q

Contrainications for Superficial Thermotherapy (7)

A
  1. Acute MSK trauma
  2. Arterial disease
  3. Bleeding or Hemorrhage
  4. Over an area of compromised circulation
  5. Over an area of malignancy
  6. Peripheral vascular disease
  7. Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall with thrombosis)
55
Q

Hot pack

A

Moist heat!

Primary therapeutic effects: pain reduction, increased tissue extensability, reduced muscle spasm

6-8 layers of towels between pack and skin

Skin check after 5 min

Approx 15-20 min tx

56
Q

Fluidotherpay

A

Container that ciculates warm air and small cellulose particles

Generates dry heat through forced convection

Open wounds should be covered with a plastic barrier

15-20 min tx

57
Q

Infrared Lamp

A
  • Produces superficial heating of tissue through radiant heat
  • Wavelength: 780-1500 nm
  • Majority of radiation is abosrbed within the first few mm of human tissue
  • Maximum penetration with 1200 nm wavelength
  • Therapeutic effect: Improved tissue healing
  • Opaque goggles should be worn by pt and PT
  • Towels to cover areas out side of target area
58
Q

Paraffin

A

Common used heating source for distal extremities

Removal of all jewelry and thoroughly wash the body part being tx

Cannot be applied to areas with open wounds or infections

3 application techniques: dip-wrap, dip-reimmersion, paint application

59
Q

Paraffin

Dip-wrap

A

Pt maintains a static postion as distal extremity is dipped into paraffin bath and then removed

After allowing to harden, extremity should be redipped 6-10 more times

Then immediately placed in a placed back

Towel wrapped around back

10-15min

60
Q

Paraffin

Dip-reimmersion

A

After initial 6-10 dips, distal extremity remains in the paraffin bath for the duration of the tx

Unit should be turned off during tx

May need to use a temp closer to 113°F (lower end of the 113-122 range)

up to 20min

61
Q

Paraffin

Paint Application

A

Used for body parts taht cannot be immersed into the paraffin bath

6-10 layers, waiting in between each for paraffin to harden

Area covered by plastic bag/wrap and towel

approx 20 min

62
Q

Deep Thermotherapy

A

Local of general use of energy in rehab with the goal of increase tissue temp

Agents are capable of heating to depths of 3-5cm

63
Q

Ultrasound

A

Common deep heating agent that transfers heat through conversion and elevates tissue temp to depths up to 5 cm

Therapeutic frequency: 0.75 - 3 megahertz (MHz)

Tx area should not be more than 4x the size of the effective radiating area (ERA)

64
Q

Ultrasound

Thermal effects

A
  1. Acceleration fo metabolic rate
  2. Modulation of pain
  3. Reduciton of muscle spasm
  4. Decreased joint stiffness
  5. Alteration of nerve conduction velocity
  6. Increased ciculation
  7. Increased soft tissue extensibility
65
Q

Ultrasound

Nonthermal Effects

A
  1. Increased cell and skin membrane permeability
  2. Increased intracellular calcium levels
  3. Facilitation of tissue repair
  4. Promotion of normal cell fucntion

Effects occur as a result of cavitation (formation of gas-filled bubbles) and acoustic microstreaming (unidirectional movement of fluids along the boundaries of cell membranes)

66
Q

Ultrasound Parameters

Technique

A

Transducer used with a coupling agent

Coupling agens decrease acoustical impedance by limiting the amount of air between transducer and skin (gels, gel pads, mineral oil, water, lotions)

Direct coupling agents: applied directly to the transducer and/or skin

Indirection: water immersion, transducer moved parallel to area (0.5-3cm away) Increased intensity (as much as 50%) may be needed

67
Q

Ultrasound Prameters

Intensity

A

Quantity of energy delivered per unit of are

Effective radiating area (ERA) - area of the transducer that transmits ultrasound energy

68
Q

Indications for Ultrasound (12)

A
  1. Acute and post-acute conditions (ultrasound with non-thermal effects)
  2. Calcium deposits
  3. Chronic inflammation
  4. Delayed soft tissue healing
  5. Dermal ulcers
  6. Joint contracture
  7. Muscle spasm
  8. Myofascial trigger points
  9. Pain
  10. Plantar warts
  11. Scar tissue
  12. Tissue regeneration
69
Q

Contrainidations for Ultrasound (16)

A
  1. Acute and post-acute conditions (ultra-sound with thermal effects)
  2. Areas of active bleeding
  3. Areas of decreased temp sensation
  4. Areas of decreased circulation
  5. DVT
  6. Infection
  7. Malignancy
  8. Over breast implants
  9. Over carotid sinus or cervical ganglia
  10. Over epipheseal areas in young children
  11. Over eyes, heart and genetalia
  12. Over metyl methacrylate cement or plastic (?)
  13. Over pelvic, lumbar or abdominal areas of pregnant women
  14. Over a pacemaker
  15. thrombophlebitis
  16. Vascular insufficiency
70
Q

Ultrasound

Frequency

A

Primary determinant in the depth of ultrasound penetration

Higher frequency = absorbed more rapidly than lower frequency

Higher frequencies affects more superficial tissues

Lower frequencies affects deeper tissues

Frequency of 1 MHz used for deeper tissues (up to 5 cm)

3 MHz = superfical tissus (1-2cm)

71
Q

Ultrasound

Duty Cycle

A

Continuous or pulsed modes

  • Continuous - intensity remains constant throughout tx
    • 100% duty cycle
    • Thermal effects: higher intensities
    • Nonthermal effects: lower intensities
    • More effective at elevating tissue time
  • Pulsed - intensity is periodically interrupted
    • Below 100% duty cycle
    • Results in a reduced average heating of tissues –> primary for nontermals!
    • Recommend 20% or less

Duty cycle = (on time)/(on time + off time) x 100

72
Q

Ultrasound

Duration

A

Determined based on:

  1. size of tx area
  2. Depth of penetration
  3. Desired therapeutic effects

Area 2-3x size of transducer typically requires 5min

73
Q

Ultrasound

of Txs

A

Primarily dependent on the establist therapeutic objects, level of acuity, and the pt response

Thermal - applied later in healing process, 2-3x/week

Nonthermal - earlier in healing process, as much as once/day

Positive response should be evident within 3 sessions

Greater than 14 tx within single episode of care –> reduce RBC and WBC counts

74
Q

Diathermy

A

Deep heating agent that converts high frequency electromagnetic engergy into therapeutic heat

Produces a molecular vibration within the tissue that generats heat (elevates tissue temp)

75
Q

Therapeutic effects of Diathermy (9)

A
  1. Altered cell membrane function
  2. Increased collagen extensibility
  3. Increase edema
  4. Increased metabolic rate
  5. Increased muscle elasticity
  6. Increased nerve conduction velocity
  7. Increased pain threshold
  8. Increased temp
  9. Vasodilation
76
Q

Indications for Diathermy (12)

A
  1. Bursitis
  2. Chronic inflammation
  3. Chronic inflammatory pelvic disease
  4. Decreased collagen extensibility
  5. Degenerative joint disease
  6. Increased metabolism
  7. Joint stiffness
  8. Muscle guarding
  9. Myofascial trigger points
  10. Pain
  11. Peripheral nerve regeneration
  12. Tissue healing
77
Q

Contraindications for Diatherpy (14)

A
  1. Acute infection
  2. Acute inflammation
  3. Cardiac pacemaker
  4. Hemophilia
  5. Internal and external metal objects
  6. Intrauterine device
  7. Ischemic tissue
  8. Low back, abdomen, pelvis of pregnant woman
  9. Malignant area
  10. Moist wound dressing
  11. over hemorrhagic region
  12. Over the eyes
  13. Over the testes
  14. Pain and temp sensory deficits
78
Q

Advantages of Fluidotherpay (4)

A
  1. Temp and agitation of the dry particles can be controlled
  2. Pt can perform active exercise during tx
  3. Minimal pressure applied to the tx area
  4. Can be used for desensitization of distal extremities
79
Q

Disadvantages of Fluidotherapy (3)

A
  1. Constant heat source can result in overheating
  2. Some pts are intolerant of the dry particles and the enclosed container
  3. Some units require the extremity to be in a dependent position
80
Q

Advantages to Hot pack (3)

A
  1. Moist, comfortable heat
  2. Variety of shapes and sizes
  3. Available for home use
81
Q

Disadvantages to Hot Pack (3)

A
  1. May not maintain good contact on small or contoured areas
  2. Pt may not tolerate the weight of the pack
  3. difficult to observe target area directly during tx
82
Q

Advantages of Infrared Lamp (2)

A
  1. Target area can be observed during tx
  2. Does not require direct contact with the tx area
83
Q

Disadvantages of Infrared lamp (3)

A
  1. Difficult to ensure uniform heating in all tx areas
  2. Difficult to localize to a specific tx area
  3. Tends to dry skin more than other agents
84
Q

Advantages to Paraffin (4)

A
  1. Low specific heat allows for application at higher temps than water
  2. Low thermal conductivity allows for slower heating of tissues which reduces the risk of overheating
  3. Maintains good contact with controured areas
  4. Oils used add moisture to the skin
85
Q

Disadvantages of Paraffin (3)

A
  1. Effective only in distal extremities
  2. Risk of cross-contamination if the paraffin is reused
  3. Cannot be used over an open skin lesion
86
Q

Advantages to Diathermy (5)

A
  1. Capable of reaching deeper tissues
  2. Can produce thermal and nonthermal effects
  3. Covers large areas
  4. Heat is applied in a more uniform fashion
  5. Rate of tissue cooling is slower than other agents
87
Q

Disadvnatages of Diathermy (3)

A
  1. Difficult to targe small tx areas
  2. Requires pt to subjectively classify their heat sensation response
  3. Relatively large # of contraindications
88
Q

Advantages to ultrasound (5)

A
  1. Cpable of reaching deeper tissues
  2. Can produce thermal and nonthermal effects
  3. Amount of energy delivered per unit area can be quantified
  4. Covers small areas effectively
  5. Shourt duration of tx
89
Q

Disadvantages of Ultrasound (3)

A
  1. May not maintain good contact on small or contoured areas, causing uneven heating
  2. Pt may not tolerate direct contact with the transducer
  3. Rate of tissue cooling is faster than other agents
90
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Temp and agitation of the dry particles can be controlled
  2. Pt can perform active exercise during tx
  3. Minimal pressure applied to the tx area
  4. Can be used for desensitization of distal extremities
A

Advantages of Fluidotherpay (4)

91
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Constant heat source can result in overheating
  2. Some pts are intolerant of the dry particles and the enclosed container
  3. Some units require the extremity to be in a dependent position
A

Disadvantages of Fluidotherapy (3)

92
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Moist, comfortable heat
  2. Variety of shapes and sizes
  3. Available for home use
A

Advantages to Hot pack (3)

93
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. May not maintain good contact on small or contoured areas
  2. Pt may not tolerate the weight of the pack
  3. difficult to observe target area directly during tx
A

Disadvantages to Hot Pack (3)

94
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Target area can be observed during tx
  2. Does not require direct contact with the tx area
A

Advantages of Infrared Lamp (2)

95
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Difficult to ensure uniform heating in all tx areas
  2. Difficult to localize to a specific tx area
  3. Tends to dry skin more than other agents
A

Disadvantages of Infrared lamp (3)

96
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Low specific heat allows for application at higher temps than water
  2. Low thermal conductivity allows for slower heating of tissues which reduces the risk of overheating
  3. Maintains good contact with controured areas
  4. Oils used add moisture to the skin
A

Advantages to Paraffin (4)

97
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Effective only in distal extremities
  2. Risk of cross-contamination if the paraffin is reused
  3. Cannot be used over an open skin lesion
A

Disadvantages of Paraffin (3)

98
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Capable of reaching deeper tissues
  2. Can produce thermal and nonthermal effects
  3. Covers large areas
  4. Heat is applied in a more uniform fashion
  5. Rate of tissue cooling is slower than other agents
A

Advantages to Diathermy (5)

99
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Difficult to targe small tx areas
  2. Requires pt to subjectively classify their heat sensation response
  3. Relatively large # of contraindications
A

Disadvnatages of Diathermy (3)

100
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. Cpable of reaching deeper tissues
  2. Can produce thermal and nonthermal effects
  3. Amount of energy delivered per unit area can be quantified
  4. Covers small areas effectively
  5. Shourt duration of tx
A

Advantages to ultrasound (5)

101
Q

Advantages or disadvantages of:

  1. May not maintain good contact on small or contoured areas, causing uneven heating
  2. Pt may not tolerate direct contact with the transducer
  3. Rate of tissue cooling is faster than other agents
A

Disadvantages of Ultrasound (3)

102
Q

Ultraviolet light

A

Divided into UV-A, UV-B, UV-C according to wavelength and location on the electromagnetic spectrum

Absorbed 1-2 mm into the skin

Most commonly used to tx skin disorders

103
Q

Therapeutic effects of Ultraviolet Light (6)

A
  1. Bacteriocidal effects
  2. Exfoliation
  3. Facilitate healing
  4. Increased pigmentation
  5. Thickening of the epidermis
  6. Vitamin D production
104
Q

Indications for Ultraviolet Light (6)

A
  1. Acne
  2. Chronic ulcer/wound
  3. Osteomalacia
  4. Psoriasis
  5. Sinusitis
  6. Vitamin D deficiency
105
Q

Contraindications for Ultraviolet Light (8)

A
  1. Areas receiving radiation
  2. DM
  3. Herpes simplex
  4. Pellagra
  5. Photosensitive medications
  6. Skin cancer
  7. Systemic lupus erythematosus
  8. Tuberculosis
106
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Transfers heat through conduction or convention and is administered in tanks

107
Q

Therapeutic effects of Hydrotherapy (7)

A
  1. Decreased abnormal tone
  2. Increased blood flow
  3. Increased core temp
  4. Pain relief
  5. Relaxation
  6. Vasodilation
  7. Wound debridement
108
Q

Indications for hydrotherapy (11)

A
  1. Arthritis
  2. Burn care
  3. Edema
  4. Decreased ROM
  5. Desensitization of residual limb
  6. Joint stiffness
  7. Muscle spasm/spasticity
  8. Muscle strain
  9. Pain
  10. Sprain
  11. Wound care
109
Q

Contraindications for Hydrotherapy (11)

A
  1. Advacned cardiovascular/pulmonary disease
  2. Active bleeding
  3. Diminished sensation
  4. gangrene
  5. Impaired circulation
  6. Incontinence
  7. Maceration
  8. Peripheral vascular disease
  9. Renal infection
  10. Severe infection
  11. Severe mental disorders
110
Q

Properties of Water (6)

A
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Resistance
  3. Specific Gravity
  4. Specific Heat
  5. Total Drag Force
  6. Viscosity
111
Q

Bouyancy

A

Archimedes’ prciiple

There is an upward force on the body when immersed in water equal to the amount of water that has been displaced by the body

112
Q

Resistance

A

Water molecules attraction towards each other creates ________ to movement

Increases in proportion to the speed of motion

113
Q

Specific Gravity

A

______ of water = 1.0

Human body is typically

therefore, a person will generally flote when fully submerged in water

114
Q

Specific Heat

A

Measure of the ability of a fluid to store heat

Water retains heat 1,000x mroe than an equivaltent volume of air

115
Q

Total drag force

A

Comprosed of profile drag, wave drag, surface drag forces

Hydromechanic force exerted on a person submered in water that normally opposes the direction of the body’s motion

116
Q

Viscosity

A

Magnitude of the cohesive forces between the molecules specific to the fluid

117
Q

Archimedes’ prciiple

There is an upward force on the body when immersed in water equal to the amount of water that has been displaced by the body

A

Bouyancy

118
Q

Water molecules attraction towards each other creates ________ to movement

Increases in proportion to the speed of motion

A

Resistance

119
Q

______ of water = 1.0

Human body is typically

therefore, a person will generally flote when fully submerged in water

A

Specific Gravity

120
Q

Measure of the ability of a fluid to store heat

Water retains heat 1,000x mroe than an equivaltent volume of air

A

Specific Heat

121
Q

Comprosed of profile drag, wave drag, surface drag forces

Hydromechanic force exerted on a person submered in water that normally opposes the direction of the body’s motion

A

Total drag force

122
Q

Magnitude of the cohesive forces between the molecules specific to the fluid

A

Viscosity

123
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

32-79°F

A

Acute inflammation of distal extremities

124
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

79-92°F

A

Exercise

125
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

92-96°F

A

Wound care, spasticity

126
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

96-98°F

A

Cardiopulmonary compromise

Tx of burns

127
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

99-104°F

A

Pain Management

128
Q

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

104-110°F

A

Chronic rheumatoid or OA

increase ROM

129
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Acute inflammation of distal extremities

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

32-79°F

130
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Exercise

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

79-92°F

131
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Wound care, spasticity

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

92-96°F

132
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Cardiopulmonary compromise

Tx of burns

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

96-98°F

133
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Pain Management

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

99-104°F

134
Q

What temp is suggested to for this purpose?

Chronic rheumatoid or OA

increase ROM

A

Hydrotherapy Tx temp Guidelines:

Tx purpose if -

104-110°F

NPTE - Equipment, devices, therapeutic modalities (4 decks)

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