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Neuroanatomy > Npte Study > Flashcards

Npte Study Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum is derived from what?

A

Prosencephlon or forebrain

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2
Q

What does grey matter do?

A

Cortex responsible got process and cognition

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3
Q

What does frontal lobe do?

A

Higher intellect, personality, mood, social conduct,and language

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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Language, calculation and visuals Spatial 2 pt discrimination p

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5
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Memory and language and primary auditory

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6
Q

This disease affected the descending motor tracts within the cerebral motor cortex,. Symptoms include: hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, and abnormal reflexes. Damaged tracts are in the lateral white column.

A

Upper motor neuron

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7
Q

Examples of UMN

A

CP, ALS, CVA, birth injuries, hydropchephalus, Huntington’s, MS, TBI, brain tumors, pseudobulbar palsy

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8
Q

These diseases occur when the nerves or axons below the level of the brain stem are affected. The ventral gray column of SC may also be affected. Flaccidity, or weakness, decreased tone, fasiculations, muscle atrophy or absent reflexes.

A

LMN

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9
Q

Examples of LMN

A

ALS, GB, tumors of SC, trauma, poliomyelitis, infection, Bell’s, progressive muscle atrophy, carpal tunnel, MD, spinal muscular atrophy

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10
Q

Damage to Anterior horn cell causes what? What diseases?

A

Sensory intact, motor weakness and atrophy, fasiculations, decreased reflexes
ALS, poliomyelitis (LMN)

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11
Q

Muscle impacted with UMN vs LMN

A

Sensory intact, motor weakness, no fasiculations, normal or decreased DTR
MD (LMN)

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12
Q

NMJ affects in LMN vs UMN

A

Sensory intact, motor fatigue, normal DTR

MG LMN

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13
Q

Affects of peripheral nerve or mononeuropathy LMN vs UMN

A

Sensory loss along nerve root, motor weakness and atrophy may have fasiculations
Trauma (LMN)

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14
Q

Peripheral polyneuropathy LMN vs UMN

A

Sensory impairments stocking glove, motor weakness and atrophy, dista to proximal, decreased DTR
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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15
Q

Spinal roots and nerve LMN vs UMN

A

Sensory will have corresponding dermatomal pattern, motor weakness via innervation, decreased DTR
Herniated disc

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16
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, twisting writhin movements large amplitude
Seen in face tongue and trunk and extremities
Typically associated with spasticity (CP and BG pathology)

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17
Q

Chorea

A

Hyperkinesia, brief irregular contractions, rapid
Damage to caudate nucleus, fidgeting,
Ballism(form) large amp jerks-damage to subthalamic nucleus
Huntington’s

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18
Q

Dystonia

A

Sustained muscle contractions, twisting and abnormal postures, or repetitive movements
All muscles can be affected during volitional movement
Genetic, acquired, SE meds,
Present sustained of agonist/antagonist,
Parkinsons CP and encephalitis

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19
Q

Tics

A

Sudden brief repetitive coordinated movements at irregular intervals
Vocal, jerks or repetitive sounds
Tourette’s

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20
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement 3 groups
Resting: pill rolling Parkinson’s
Postural: rapid tremor in hyperthyroidism, fatigue or anxiety and benign tumor
Intention: increase as target approaches, cerebellum efferent pathway MS

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21
Q

Inability to initiate a movement

A

Akinesia

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22
Q

General weakness cerebellum pathology

A

Asthenia

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23
Q

Clasp-knife

A

Resistance during range of motion of hypertonic joint, greatest resistance at initiation or range lessens with movement through range

24
Q

Rigidity where resistant to movement is physical quality

A

Cogwheel

25
Q

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

26
Q

Inability to control ROM and force of muscular activity

A

Dysmetria

27
Q

Closely related to athetosis, larger axial movement than appendicular muscles

A

Dystonia

28
Q

Rigidity where there is uniform constant resistance often associated with lesions of BG

A

Lead pipe rigidity

29
Q

Inability to interpret information

A

Agnosia

30
Q

Inability to recognize symbols letters or numbers traced on skina

A

Agraphesthesia

31
Q

Inability to write (typically found with aphasia)

A

Agraphia

32
Q

Inability to read, within dominant lobe

A

Alexia

33
Q

Denial or unawareness of illness (unilateral neglect)

A

Anosognosia

34
Q

Inability to communicate or comprehend

A

Aphasia

35
Q

Inability to perform purposeful learned movements no sensory or motor impairment

A

Apraxia

36
Q

Inability to recognize objects by sense or touch

A

Astereognosis

37
Q

Inability to reproduce geometric figures, inability to visually analyze how to perform task

A

Constructional apraxia

38
Q

Characteristic or corticospinal lesion at level or brain stem extension of trunk and all extremities

A

Decerbrate rigidity

39
Q

Corticospinal lesion at diencephalon where trunk and LE position in extension and UE in flexion

A

Decorticating rigidity

40
Q

Slurred speech motor deficit of tongue

A

Dysarthria

41
Q

Impairment or Rhythm and inflection of speech

A

Dysprosody

42
Q

Right hemisphere infarct where there is inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying

A

Emotional lability

43
Q

Characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output with articulation but lacks content

A

Fluent aphasia

44
Q

Inability to formulate initial motor plan and sequence of tasks where proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

A

Ideational apraxia

45
Q

Condition where person plans a movement or task but cannot volitionally perform, cannot impose additional movements on command

A

Ideomotor apraxia

46
Q

Substitution within a word that is so severe that is makes the word unrecognizable

A

Neologism

47
Q

Characteristic of expressive aphasia speech is non-functional, effortful and contains paraphasia

A

Non-fluent aphasia

48
Q

Cauda equina injury

A

Below L1 (LMN)

49
Q

A surgical procedure that severs certain tracts within SC to decrease spasticity and improve function

A

Myelotomy

50
Q

A surgical removal of a segment of nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

A

Neurectomy

51
Q

Bladder is flaccid as result of cauda equina or conus medullaris lesion. Sacral reflex arc is damaged

A

Neurogenic nonreflexive bladder

52
Q

Lowest segment of spinal cord with intact strength and sensation. Grade of fair.

A

Neurological level

53
Q

A form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where the abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration, then opposite

A

Paradoxical breathing

54
Q

An incomplete lesion where son of teh innermost tracts remain Innervates, Saddle area, toe flexors, rectal sphincter

A

Sacral sparing

55
Q

Poor or trace motor or sensory function for up to 3 levels below the neurological level of injur

A

Zone of preservation

56
Q

Pusher’s syndrome

A

Can occur due to posterolateral thalami stroke, deficits with perception of orientation

57
Q

Correction for Pusher’s syndrome

A

Allow patient to utilize cane and lower height, will encourage WB through uninvolved side, visual cueing for upright
DO NOT allow patients sound extremities to drift into abduction and or extension and push
ALLOW patient to problem solve

Neuroanatomy (1 decks)

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